CCENONYMPHA. 4 1 



GENUS VII.— CCENONYMPHA (HUBN.). 



Small brown or tawny butterflies, with rounded wings, and a row of eyes on the liind-wings 

 beneath. All the three nervures of the fore-wings are dilated at the base, and the antennae are 

 slender, with a long and fusiform club. The middle pair of tibiae are as long as the tarsi. The 

 larvae are slender, with fine hair. They are green, with a small head, and generally hybernate. The 

 pupje are suspended, and the butterflies, some of which are double-brooded, are found in meadows 

 and at the edges of woods, 



1. C. Qidipjis (Fabr.). — Dark brown above, sometimes shot with purple. Under side olive- 

 brown; the hind-wings with a marginal row of blacl- eyes, with white pupils in pale j'ellow rings, and 

 bordered outside with a broad lead-coloured line. There are occasionally eyes on the upper side, 

 and on the under side of the fore-wings. E.\;pands from i^ to ij inches. Found in May and June 

 in marshy meadows, but is very local along a narrow strip of country running from the south of 

 France along the Alps and Altai to Pekin and the Amoor. The larva is green, with a darker stripe 

 on the back, and a yellowish-white streak on the sides. It lives on Iris psciidaconis from July 

 to September. 



2. C. Hero (Linn.), — Dull brown, olive-brown beneath, with a lead-coloured marginal line on 

 all the wings. Hind-wings beneath with a row of large black eyes with white pupils, in rust- 

 coloured rings, bordered within by a somewhat irregular white stripe. The upper side, and the 

 under side of the fore-wings, are also occasionally marked with eyes. Expands a little over i inch. 

 Common in many parts of Central Europe in open woods in Alay and June, but absent from many 

 districts. It has been reputed British, but no doubt erroneously. 



3. C. Iphis (W. v.), — Brown, tinged with tawny ; female tawny ; hind-wings darker, with an 

 orange line at the anal angle, and often with a row of eyes within it. Under side of fore-wings 

 tawny, with a small eye at the tip ; hind-wings with a row of small black eyes, pupilled with white 

 and ringed with pale }-ellow. There is a narrow lead-coloured line on the hind margin, edged 

 internally with an orange spot, and an irregular and interrupted whitish band nearer the middle of 

 the wing. Expands from i to i^ inches. Found in open woods in Eastern and Southern Europe 

 and Western Asia in June and July. It is absent from Scandinavia and North-Western Europe. 

 Larva green, with a dark line on the back, and a narrow white line on the sides. Head dark 

 green ; stigmata and anal fork reddish. Feeds on grass in April and May. The butterfly is 

 figured at PI. 13, Fig. 6. 



4. C. Arcaiiia (Linn.). — Fore-wings reddish-tawny, with a broad dark brown border ; hind- 

 wings dark brown, sometimes with a few marginal eyes. Under side of fore-wings with a smal 

 eye at the tip ; hind-wings beneath pale brown, within which is a black eye on the ccsta with 

 a white pupil, and surrounded with a yellow ring. Hind margin reddish, intersected' by a broad 

 lead-coloured line, and there are three or four small eyes within it, placed on a broad whitish or 

 yellowish band. Expands from 1 to i finches. Common in open woods, in June and July, in 

 most parts of Europe and Western Asia ; it has been erroneously reputed British. Larva green, 

 with a dark green line on the back, and yellow lines on the sides. Mouth reddish, and the anal 

 fork reddish at the ends. Lives on grass in May. The transformations are figured at PI. 13, 

 Fig. 7, a—c. 



5. C. Pliilca (Hiibn,), Satyrion (Esp.), resembles C. IpJiis above, but the under side of the 

 hind-wings is olive-green, with a distinct central white band, always continuous, of equal width 

 throughout, on which the eyes arc placed. There is also a red marginal band, intersected by 

 a thick lead-coloured line. Expands a little over i inch. It is found in damp meadows in July, 



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