50 European Butterflies axd Moths. 



with white ; hind-wings with from two to four marginal black dots marked with orange. Under 

 side with reddish-brown eyes, hind margins whitish-yellow, with yellowish fulvous lunules ; fore- 

 wings with the marginal spot nearest to the anal angle white, and the other marginal spots often 

 wanting ; hind-wings with a large white triangular discoidal spot. The eyes of the central row 

 are rather irregular ; the first two eyes of the fore-wings and the second on the hind-wings are 

 widely separated from the others. It inhabits the mountains of Andalusia in June. 



*27. P. Astrarcltc (Bergstr.), Medon (Esp.), Agcstis (Hiibn.), {Brown Argus). — Brown, with a 

 marginal row of very distinct orange spots, except in variety Alloiis (Hiibn.), on all the wings, 

 both above and below, resting on black dots on the hind-wings. Under side with rather large eyes, 

 fore-wings with no basal spots, hind-wings with the first two spots of the middle band placed close 

 together and widely separated from the ne.xt ; a white blotch in the middle, within the red spots, 

 to which runs a narrow white line from the second of the three basal eyes. In the variety called the 

 Scotch Argus {Artaxcrxcs, Fabr.) the discoidal spot on the fore-wings above is white instead of 

 black, and the eyes of the under side are almost entirely filled up with white. This is connected 

 with the ordinary Astrarche by the intermediate variety called the Durham Argus {Salmacis, 

 Steph.), found in the north of England. Expands rather under i-^ inches. It is found throughout 

 Europe, North Africa, and Northern and Western Asia to the Himalayas, from May to August, 

 frequenting dry, sunny places, especially on chalk or limestone. In the Alps it is found nearly to 

 the tree-limit. Allans is the second brood in the south of Europe; and Artaxerxes is exclusively 

 confined to Scotland. The larva of the last form is pale bluish-green, with a dark green line on the 

 back, and a pinkish one on each side ; the head is glossy black. It lives on Hclianthanitm viilgare 

 in May. P. AstrarcJic is figured at PI. 14, Fig. 9. 



28. P. Orbitulus (De Prunn.). — Wings above dark brown, with a black discoidal lunule, and 

 dusted with pale bluish-grey, especially towards the base, in the male ; fringes white, unspotted. 

 Under side pale grey in the male, and brownish in the female ; fore-wings with a double basal ej-e, 

 and the usual row of eyes ; hind-wings with a white heart-shaped discoidal spot ; hind margins 

 broadly whitish, with some blackish dots and markings in the male, and some orange spots towards 

 the anal angle ; the central row of eyes represented only by two contiguous spots resembling a 

 white figure of 8 filled up with black, in the middle of the costa. Expands rather under i inch. 

 Locally abundant in the Alps, Pyrenees, and the mountains of Asia Minor in June and July, 

 especially on a limestone soil. The variety Aquilo (Boisd.), which is smaller and bluer, is probably 

 circumpolar. 



29. P. PItcretcs (Hiibn.). — Male blue, with a narrow black border ; female brown, fringes 

 white, unspotted. Under side greenish-grey; fore-wings with the Msual row of eyes, but with no 

 basal eye ; hind-wings with two oblique rows of large round white spots. Expands about i inch. 

 Locally abundant in June and July at a great elevation in the French and Swiss Alps. It also 

 occurs in the mountains of Scandinavia and Siberia. 



30. P. Psylorita (Freyer). — Pale brown, with a marginal row of orange-}-ellow spots. Under 

 side white or silvery grey, all the usual rows of eyes reduced to simple dots, and very indistinct ; 

 marginal band pale yellow, frequently almost obliterated. Expands nearly i inch. It occurs on 

 Mount Ida in June, nearly at the snow-line. 



31. P. R/iyiiniiis (Eversm.). — Brown, base dusted with greenish-purple. Under side dark 

 brown, with a slight greenish tinge, and speckled all over with white spots. Expands three- 

 quarters of an inch. It is found on mountains in South Russia and the Altai in May and June. 



32. P. Lysimon (Hiibn.). — Brown, male blue at the base ; fringes brown. Under side pale 

 grey, with discoidal lunules and basal eyes, a double row of black marginal spots, and an 



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