62 European Butterflies and Moths. 



found a very important aid to the study of the Caddis FHcs, which are closely allied to Lcpidoptcra, 

 it appears to be unreliable in the case of the latter Order. 



1. //. Proto (Esp.). — Greenish-brown ; fore-wings with an interrupted central row of dull white 

 spots ; hind-wings with a distinct central band of pale spots, and one basal spot ; there are also 

 faint traces of a marginal row of pale markings on all the wings. Under side of all the wings 

 brownish-yellow, with two yellowish bands, and a row of marginal lunules ; inner margin yellow. 

 Expands about l inch. Inhabits South Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia in June and 

 July. The larva, which feeds on Phlouds lyclinitis in May, is yellowish-grey, with a red line on 

 the back, and two red spots on the head. 



2. //. Tcssclhtin (HUbn.). — Resembles Proto above, but the row of marginal white dots is as 

 distinct as the central row. Fore-wings with a large black spot in the discoidal cell, edged within 

 with a nearly square white one, and outside by a white lunule. Under side of fore-wings 

 chequered with dark green and white ; hind-wings beneath yellowish-green, with a band of 

 greenish-white spots across the centre, and white marginal and basal spots. Expands \\ inches. 

 It inhabits South-Eastern Europe, Siberia, and Western Asia in May and August. (//. CribrelUnn, 

 Eversm., found in South Russia and Siberia in May, is rather smaller, with the green of the 

 under side of the fore-wings shading into blackish ; the hind-wings are of a yellower green 

 beneath, and the pale spots are pure white. H. Cyiiarce, Ranib., from South Russia and Western 

 and Northern Asia, may be distinguished from the foregoing species by the under side of the hind- 

 wings, which is white, with two very broad reddish-brown bands slightly tinged with greenish, 

 which do not extend to the inner margin.) 



3. H. Sidce (Esp.). — Fore-wings brown, with a square white spot in the discoidal cell, edged 

 with black on both sides, and the outermost black spot edged again with whitish. The central 

 row of spots is continued along the costa of the fore-wings towards the base, as far as the large 

 white discoidal spot. The marginal spots are most distinct on the hind-wings, and the central 

 band on the fore-wings ; and there is also a white spot towards the base on the inner margin of the 

 fore-wings, opposite to another on the costa of the hind-wings. Under side of hind-wings white, 

 with two orange bands, and an orange spot on the costa nearer the base, all edged with black lines. 

 There is also a distinct black line on all the wings before the fringes. Expands about \\ inches. 

 It inhabits South Europe and Northern and Western Asia in June, but is not a common species. 



4. H. Cartliaini (Hiibn.). — The upper side is very similar to Sidce ; the under surface more 

 resembles that of the following species, but Carthaiiii differs as follows : — The hind margins of 

 all the wings are distinctly bordered with whitish before the fringes, and between this and the 

 central row of spots are placed whitish longitudinal streaks on a dark ground on the fore-wings, 

 and dark spots towards the anal angle of the hind-wings ; and the fringes are distinctly spotted 

 with black and white to their base, and are pure white towards the anal angle of the hind-wings. 

 Expands nearly \\ inches. Common over a great part of Southern and Central Europe, except 

 the north-west, frequenting dry, sunny, open places and hill-sides from May to August. 



5. H. Andromeda (Wallengr.). — Very similar to Cacalice, with which it agrees also in the 

 outline of the hind-wings and in the shape of the large white spot beyond the discoidal cell of 

 the under side of the hind-wings, but differs from it in the much larger and better-defined spots 

 of the upper side, the much brighter colour of the under side, and especially in the fringes, 

 which are distinctly chequered with black and white as far as the base, without any indication of 

 an intersecting line. Expands from i to i} inches. It is found in the mountains of Scandinavia 

 and the South-Eastern Alps in June and July. {P. Conyza:, Guen., found in mountain meadows 

 in Savoy, resembles Carthauii above, and Centaurcce below, but is no larger than Maivce) 



