64 European Butterflies and Moths. 



central row is often interrupted. The central band on the upper side of the hind-wings is absent 

 above, but is represented by from one to three small spots in the middle. The under side of 

 the hind-wings is cinnamon-brown, with paler nervures and pearly-white spots. The first spot 

 of the central row is very large, the others are small, and that beyond the discoidal cell is angular. 

 The variety .£"//r;v?/^ (Ochs.), from South Europe, is smaller and paler beneath; and the variety 

 Thcrapne (Ramb.), from Corsica and Sardinia, is smaller, with darker spots. Expands nearly 

 I inch. Common in Southern and Central Europe, except the north-west, but local, frequenting 

 sunny, weedy slopes, especially on a limestone soil, from May to July. 



12. H. Orhifer (Hiibn.).— Very like Sao above, but the hind-wings are olive-green beneath, 

 and rarely brownish, with the spots of the central band rounded and more of equal size. E.xpands 

 about I inch. It inhabits South Europe and Northern and Western Asia in May and June. 



GENUS III. — NISONIADES (HUBN.). 



The antennae are short, but longer and more slender than in Hcspcria, and the club is 

 slender and curved, but not hooked. The hind tibiae have no tuft of hair ; the wings are not 

 chequered, and the fringes are unicolorous. 



*i. N. Tages (Linn.), [Dingy Skipper). — Dull brown, with marginal rows of small pale dots. 

 Two obscure greyish bands on the fore-wings, and one on the hind-wings. The under side is paler, 

 with a row of indistinct spots. Expands from i to i| inches. Common throughout Europe, except 

 the extreme north, during all the fine season, in dry, sunny places, especially along roads in woods, 

 and on the borders of woods. It also occurs in Northern and Western Asia. The larva is pale 

 green, with yellow lines on the back and sides. It feeds on Eryiigiinn campcstris and Lotus 

 corniculatiis in June and autumn. 



2. N. Alarloyi (Boisd.). — Unicolorous dark brown; fore-wings with two rather narrow transverse 

 blackish bands above, and one or two white dots on the costa near the tip, visible both above and 

 below. It inhabits South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia in July. 



GENUS IV.— CYCLOPIDES (HUBN.). 



The antennse are not hooked at the tip, and the body is rather slender. The sexes are similar 

 in colour, and the males have no oblique patch of scales on the fore-wings, which are long and 

 pointed ; the hind-wings are short, and not emarginate. This genus, though not numerous in 

 species, has representatives in most parts of the world. 



I. C. Morpheus (Pall.), Steropes (W. V.), Speculum (Rott.). — Wings dark olive-brown above, 

 with one or two large yellowish or whitish spots near the tip of the fore-wings ; hind-wings yellow 

 beneath, with large round white spots in black rings, one near the base and the others arranged in 

 two rows outside it. E.xpands nearly ij inches. Common in Central Europe (except the north- 

 west) in June and July, but local. It also occurs in Western and Northern Asia. In the north it 

 inhabits marshy meadows, and in the south hill-sides. The larva is dirty white, with a darker line 

 on the back and white lines on the sides ; head brown. It feeds on grass in May and June. The 

 butterfly is figured at PI. 15, Fig. 10. 



* 2. C. Pahemon {?2\\.), Paniscus (Fabr.), [Chequered Skipper). — Wings above blackish-brown, 

 with angular tawny spots on the fore-wings, and round ones on the hind-wings. The hind-wings 

 are yellowish beneath, with paler yellow spots, not distinctly bordered with black, but arranged 

 nearly as in Morpheus. It e.xpands a little more than i inch, and is common over a great part of 

 Europe and Northern and Western Asia in May and June. In the north-west of Europe, including 



