Pamphila. 65 



England, it is a very local insect, and is met with in grassy openings in woods. The larva, which 

 hybernates, and lives on grass in spring, is blackish-grey, with a broad yellow stripe on the sides. 

 The butterfly is figured at PI. 15, Fig. 11. 



3. C. Sih'ius (Knoch.). — Fore-wings yellowish tawny, with a row of small black spots before 

 the hind margin, and with four spots nearer the base, which are small in the male, and large and 

 nearly contiguous in the female. Hind-wings suffused with tawny, with a basal spot, and two outer 

 rows of nearly contiguous tawny spots. The spots on the under side are yellower than in Palcemou, 

 of which Sihiiis was formerly considered a variety. The two species are of the same size, and 

 appear at the same time. Siivius is a local insect in North Germany and Scandinavia, frequenting 

 open places in damp woods, but is commoner in Eastern Europe and Northern and Western Asia 

 generally. The larva is dirty bone-colour, with reddish lines on the back and sides, and a brownish- 

 yellow head. It feeds on grass. 



GENUS V. — I'AMPHILA (FABR.). 



The head and thorax are broad, and the abdomen is as long as the iiind-wings, which are 

 slightly sinuated at the anal angle. The males have generally an oblique velvety patch of scales 

 on the disc of the fore-wings. In the first three species the club of the antenn?e is pointed and 

 hooked at the tip, and in the others it is obtusely rounded. The species of the first section are 

 very numerous, and form one of the most typical groups of the Hesperiidcc ; those of the second 

 belong to the genus Thyvielicus (Hiibn.). The larvse are narrowed behind the head, and the 

 abdominal fold extends beyond the claspers. They live on grass, and hybernate ; and the 

 butterflies frequent grassy places and openings in woods in summer. 



I. P. Nostrodavms (Fabr.). — Dark brown, base smoky black; inner margin of the hind-wings 

 paler than the ground colour, and a few white dots on the fore-wings in the female. Under side 

 pale brown, with some obscure white spots towards the tip of the fore-wings, and, in the female, 

 at the hind margin of the hind-wings also. Expands a little over i inch. It inhabits South 

 Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia in August, and is found in dry places. {P. ^-Etna, 

 Boisd., formerly supposed to be found in Sicily, is a North American species.) 



*2. P. Comma (Linn.), {Pearl Skipper). — Male fulvous, with dark brown borders, and a large 

 black oblique streak in the middle of the fore-wings enclosing a narrow silvery line. The female 

 is brown, marked with fulvous towards the base, and spotted with paler towards the hind margins. 

 The under side of the hind-wings and the tips of the fore-wings are green, marked with square 

 white spots. Expands about i| inches. Found throughout Europe and Northern and Western 

 Asia in July and August, on heaths, downs, &c. It is a very local insect in the south of England, 

 where it occurs on the chalk. The larva is blackish-grey, varied with rust-colour, with a double 

 black line on the sides. It lives on Coronilla varia and other papilionaceous plants in early 

 summer. The male butterfly is figured at PI. 15, Fig. 12. 



*3. P. Sylva)ins (Esp.), {Large Skipper). — Very like P. Comma in size and markings; but the 

 oblique black streak of the male is not marked with silver, and the fulvous markings are richer 

 and more uniformly coloured, and not paler toward the margins. The under side of the hind- 

 wings is greenish-yellow, with indistinct pale spots not differing much from the ground colour. It 

 is an abundant insect, and its range is nearly coextensive with that of Comma, though it is not 

 found in the extreme north of Europe. On the other hand, it is generally distributed in Britain. 

 It is double-brooded, occurring in spring and autumn, and is most abundant at the edges of woods. 

 The larva, which is dirty green, with a dark line on the back and a yellow stripe on the sides, lives 

 on grass in May. The male butterfly is figured at PI. 15, Fig. 13. 

 16 



