go European Butterflies and Moths. 



crimson spots; hind-wings rounded behind, crimson-red, with a rather narrow blackish border; 

 the abdomen densely hairy, and the collar and legs pale whitish-yellow. The Lapland variety 

 Vanadis (Dalm.), which occurs on the plains in Lapland, is still more thinly scaled, and not mixed 

 with white ; and the var. Subochracea (White), from the mountains near Braemar, is intermediate 

 between this and the type, which occurs above the tree-limit in the Alps and Pyrenees. Expands 

 rather over i inch. The larva is black, with the incisions yellowish, and a row of oval yellow 

 spots on each side; the head is blackish-green. It feeds on Azalea proamibens. 



II. Z. Corsica (Boisd.), from the mountains of Corsica and Sardinia, is one of the smallest 

 species, only expanding three-quarters of an inch. The fore-wings are blue and slightly trans- 

 parent, and have five separate red spots above, which are suffused on the under side ; the 

 hind-wings are red, with a narrow dark border ; and the anteunse are thick and obtuse. 



* 12. Z. Lonicercs (Esp.). — Fore- wings long and thickly scaled, of a shining blackish-blue or 

 green, with five crimson spots, distinctly separated both above and below ; hind-wings crimson, with 

 a rather narrow blackish-blue border ; antennae unusually long, with a long club, which is very 

 gradually thickened, and pointed at the extremity. Expands nearly i| inches. It is generally 

 distributed, though somewhat local, throughout Europe and Northern and Western Asia. The 

 larva of the male is yellowish, with a row of long square black spots on the back and sides, and a 

 black head ; that of the female is pale coppery-green, with white stripes on the back and sides, 

 and black dots on the upper part of the sides. It feeds on clover, &c. The transformations are 

 figured at PI. 2i, Fig. 7, a — c. 



* 13. Z. Trifoli (Esp.) may be distinguished from LonicercB by the shorter and thicker 

 antennae, which have a very thick and less pointed club. The spots are larger, and nearly always 

 more or less confluent; and the border of the hind-wings is broader. Expands about \\ inches. 

 Widely distributed throughout Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. It is a rather local insect 

 in Britain. The larva is pale yellow, with four rows of black dots and a black head. It lives on 

 clover, &c. The moth is figured at PI. 21, Fig. 8. It is a very variable species. 



* 14. Z. Meliloti (Esp.). — Also very like Lonicene, but smaller, the antennae and their clubs 

 shorter and more slender, fore-wings with the tip rounder and less densely scaled ; spot 3 is 

 small and rather long ; spot 4 is large and triangular, and there is sometimes a sixth spot also. 

 In the variety Stentzii (Freyer) the abdomen has a dull red belt. The larva is pale green, with 

 whitish lines on the back and sides, and a row of black spots between them, placed in front of each 

 segment ; head black. Expands a little more than i inch. It is found in woods throughout the 

 greater part of Southern and Central Europe, and in Northern and Western Asia. It has long 

 been reputed British, but it is only lately that its British origin has become established by its 

 capture in some plenty in the New Forest, as well as by its having been bred from larva; which 

 agree with the description given above. This species seems either to be very local, or to 

 have been overlooked in both France and England. The moth is figured at PI. 21, Fig. 9. 

 {Z. Charon, Hijbn., from the Southern Alps, is very similar to this, but the ground colour is 

 more intense, and there are six cinnabar spots, the fifth and si.xth generally connected; and the 

 abdomen is belted with red.) 



15. Z. Stcvc/iadis (Borkh.). — Wings blackish-blue or green ; fore-wings generally with five 

 spots, the outer ones small and separated ; sometimes there is a sixth spot, and sometimes there 

 are only four, one of the outer ones being absent. The hind-wings are crimson at the base, 

 always with a very broad border ; and the crimson part is sometimes very small, and divided 

 into two portions. Expands nearly ij inches. It inhabits South Europe and Armenia, and a 

 variety with yellow spots {Boisduvalii, Costa) is occasionally met with. The larva is rather long 



