gS European Butterflies and Moths. 



black, and marked with a white spot on the 9th segment. It hves on hchens growing on pines, firs, 

 and other trees. The female is figured at PI. 22, Fig. 7. 



*4. L. Lurideola (Zinck.), Coinplaniila (Boisd.), {Common Footman). — Rather larger than 

 Complana, the fore-wings broader behind, and of a darker leaden-grey, costal streak narrowing to a 

 point behind ; hind-wings brighter yellow. Common in woods throughout Southern and Central 

 Europe and Western Asia. The larva is blackish-grey, with a black line on the back, and an 

 interrupted reddish-yellow streak on the sides. It lives on lichens growing on trees. 



* 5. L. Complana (Linn.). — Fore-wings of nearly uniform breadth ; pale leaden-grey, with a 

 dull yellow costal streak, of uniform width to the tip ; head and tip of the abdomen yellow. Size 

 of Dcplana. Common throughout Europe, but scarcer in Britain than Lurideola. Larva like 

 that of Lurideola, but with two rows of round orange spots on each side. It feeds on lichens 

 growing on trees. The moth is figured at PI. 22, Fig. 9 (upper figure). 



*6. L. Sericea (Gregs.), Molybdeola (Guen.). — Shape of Complana, but the costal streak as in 

 Lurideola. Hind-wings strongly tinged with grey at the inner margin, and sometimes over the 

 whole surface. Larva like that of Complana, but with wedge-shaped spots, and with a narrower 

 rust-coloured stripe on the sides, divided from a fine line of pale grey by a line of the ground 

 colour. These markings are replaced in Complana by one broad rust-coloured stripe. A local 

 insect, confined to the north of England. 



7. L. Unita (Hiibn.). — Also very like Complana; fore-wings of uniform breadth, yellowish- 

 grey, with the costa nearly straight ; costal streak brighter yellow, of equal width to the tip ; hind 

 margins suffused with yellowish. Hind-wings pale yellow, with the costa broadly grey. The 

 variety Arideola (Hiibn.) is darker grey on the fore-wings as far as the hind margin, and the 

 hind-wings are brighter yellow, with a darker, definitely bounded costa ; the variety Jllorosina 

 (Herr. Schaff.) is larger than this, with the inner margin of the fore-wings ochraceous at the base; 

 the variety Flavcola (Ramb.) has unicolorous hind-wings; variety Palleola (Hiibn.) has greyish-yellow 

 fore-wings ; and variety Vitcllina (Tr.) has all the wings unicolorous pale grey, with a very narrow 

 costal stripe on the fore-wings. Expands from i-} to \\ inches. Arideola is found in dry places in 

 North Germany, Flaveola in Spain, Morosina m Turkey, and the other varieties chiefly in South- 

 Eastern Europe. The larva is dark grey, with a black line on the back, below which are orange 

 spots ; a black streak on the sides spotted with white, and an orange line below it. It feeds on 

 lichens growing on trees. 



*8. L. Caniola (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings narrow, of almost uniform breadth, very pale grey, with 

 a yellow costal line ; hind-wings whitish, with the costa broadly pale grey ; head and tip of 

 abdomen yellow. Expands about \\ inches. It inhabits the south and west of Europe, where 

 the larva feeds on lichens growing on old roofs. The most northerly locality is Howth, near Dublin, 

 where the larva feeds at night on the flowers of Lotus corniculatus. It is also said to have been 

 taken at Bolthead; we know of no other British localities. The larva is brown, with a narrow black 

 line on the back, and a dusky line on the sides ; on each side of the former is a row of cuneiform 

 orange-red marks pointing backwards, and bordered on the side with similar black marks. 

 (Z. Uniola, Ramb., from Spain, is a brilliant whitish or pearly species very closely resembling this, 

 but with rather broader and less delicate fore-wings, the nervures of which are more divergent.) 



* 9. L. Lntarclla (Linn.). — Wings pale yellow, the fore-wings narrow and of uniform breadth, and 

 sometimes suffused with grey, hind-wings with the costa broadly dark grey ; and sometimes almost 

 wholly grey; head blackish in front. The variety Pallifrons (Zell.) is paler, the costa of the 

 hind-wings is paler grey, and the head entirely yellow; in variety Pygmccola (Doubl.) the fore- 

 wings are pale greyish straw-colour. Expands about I inch. Common throughout Central and 



