CE oxTSTis — Gnophria . 



99 



Southern Europe ; Lntarella in woods, Pallifrons on the Alps, and PygniiFola only in Holland and 

 on the south coast of England ; no other form has been taken in Britain. The larva is dark blue, 

 with a yellow stripe on the sides, bordered below with a white one. It is said to feed on lichens 

 growing among moss. (L. Marcida, Mann, from Sicily and Andalusia, differs from Pallifrons by 

 its peculiar greyish-yellow and slightly shining fore-wings, somewhat resembling the colour of 

 Griseola, but much paler ; and by the unicolorous dull grey hind-wings, which are scarcely paler on 

 the inner margin, but with paler fringes.) 



* lo. L. Soi'onula (Hufn.), Aureola (Hiibn.). — Front of the body and fore-wings dull yellow, the 

 latter broader behind, and with the costa much curved; hind-wings paler; abdomen grey. Expands 

 a little over i inch. Common throughout Central Europe in woods. The larva is black, with two 

 yellow stripes on the back, which are marked with red dots and white spots. It feeds on lichens 

 growing on trees. The moth is figured at PI. 22, Fig. 8. 



II. L. Cereola (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings wider behind, with the costa nearly straight; ochre- 

 yellow, with the centre grey, and semi-transparent ; hind-wings dull yellowish-white ; body dark 

 grey, head, collar, and shoulders yellow. Size of Sororcida. It inhabits Northern and Eastern 

 Europe. 



GENUS V. — CEONISTIS (HUBN.). 



Fore-wings with an accessory cellule ; without markings, or with two round spots ; tongue 

 thick. Hind-wings without nervule 5 ; nervules 3 and 4 on a long stalk. The common species, 

 * CE. Quadra, Linn, (the Large Footman), flies by night, but may often be met with on tree-trunks 

 in the daytime in July. The fore-wings are pale greyish-yellow in the male, with the base orange 

 edged with steel-blue on the costa ; in the female the}- are ochre-yellow with a steel-blue spot on 

 the middle of the costa, and another on the inner margin ; hind-wings pale yellowish. Expands 

 nearly 2 inches. It is found throughout Europe, and Northern and Western Asia, though 

 commoner in some years and localities than in others. The larva is blackish-grey, the back 

 yellowish, with three black spots in front, behind, and in the middle, and three fine dark lines on 

 each side, on which stand orange-red spots. It feeds on lichens growing on trees and roofs, and 

 may be found in May and June. Both sexes and the larva are figured at PL 22, Fig. 9, a — c 

 (lower figs.). {CE. Bipuncta, Hiibn., from Andalusia, which has been considered a variety of this, is 

 perhaps a true LitJwsia ; the fore-wings are ashy-grey, slightly tinged with rosy, with two spots 

 placed as in the female of CE. Quadra ; the hind margin and body yellow, and the costa narrowly 

 so ; hind-wings pale yellowish, with the costa yellow.) 



GENUS VI. — GNOPHRIA (STEPH.), 



The chief structural difference from CEonistis is in the hind-wings. Nervule 5 is present, 

 and nervules 3, 4, and 5 are all separated. The only species, * G. Rubricollis (Linn.), is black, 

 with the collar orange-red, and the extremity of the abdomen orange. It expands about 

 \\ inches. It is common in Europe and Northern Asia in woods in May and June. The larva 

 is greenish-grey, dotted with red and white, with dark longitudinal lines, and feeds on lichens 

 growing on rocks and trees in August and September. The moth is figured at PI. 22, Fig. 10. 



FAMILY II.— ARCTIID^. 



Middle-sized or large moths with thick bodies, and generally adorned with bright colours and 

 markings. The fore-wings form a rather long triangle, and the hind-wings are rather broad and 



