TOO European Butterflies and Moths. 



rounded, capable of being folded, and extending as far as the extremity of the abdomen, or nearly so. 

 The antennae are generally less than half the length of the fore-wings, and are usually pectinated in 

 the male. The palpi are short, the eyes naked, the legs are short and often woolly, and the spurs 

 of the tibi?e are very short. The larv.-c are furnished with sixteen legs, and have generally warts 

 covered with long stiff hair, and a small round head. They are very active, and generall)- 

 hybernate, and may be found in spring, feeding on low plants on the sunny side of hedges and 

 bushes in early morning ; some hide themselves during the day. The)- change to a thick obtuse 

 pupa in a soft cocoon. The moths fly at night, and in some cases in the daytime, and rest with 

 their wings sloping. They may be found at rest on rocks, trunks of trees, walls, &c. ; and the day- 

 flying species frequent open places in woods. This family comprises the Tiger Moths, the most 

 brilliantly-coloured of all our native moths ; and they are not unfrequently called butterflies by 

 those ignorant of entomology, though their thick bodies and the structure of their antennas at 

 once show them to be true moths. The caterpillar of the common Tiger Moth is often called the 

 ' woolly bear," in allusion to its shaggy coat. 



GENUS I. — KMYDIA (BOISD.). 



Fore-wings verj' long, pale-coloured, with black dots or longitudinal lines, hind-wings very 

 broad, concave below the tip. Palpi very small, the tongue soft and short, the legs with flattened 

 .scales. Body rather slender. The moths appear in Jul)', and the larvse are to be found in spring, 

 till May. 



* \. E. Striata (Linn.), Granimica (Linn.). — Fore-wings pale ochre-yellow, with black 

 longitudinal lines on the nervures in the male, and with short lines before the hind margin in the 

 female. Hind-wings yellow, with broad black borders, and a black central lunule. Expands 

 about \\ inches. Widely distributed in Europe and Western Asia, but very scarce in North- 

 western Europe, including England. It frequents warm, dry places, especially heaths. The larva 

 is dark brown, with an orange streak on the back, and a white one on the sides, reddish-brown 

 warts, covered with fo.xy-red hair, and reddish-brown prolegs. It lives on grass, heath, chicory, 

 broom, &c., and hybernates when very small. The moth is figured at PI. 22, Fig. 11. 



*2. E. Cribrum (Linn.). — Fore-wings white, with four transverse rows of black spots, almost 

 connected into bands ; hind-wings dark grey. In the variety Candida (Cyr.) the black spots have 

 more or less disappeared ; the variety Rippcrtii (Boisd.) has blackish wings ; variety Iiiquinata 

 (Ramb.), yellowish-white fore-wings ; and variety Clirysocephala (Hiibn.) has an ochre-)'ellow head, 

 and the marginal spots of the fore-wings are almost wanting. Expands about \\ inches. Widely 

 distributed in Europe, but rarely common ; the New Forest is the principal locality in England. 

 The larva is greyish-brown, with the sides yellowish-brown, and three whitish lines on the back, 

 with large black spots between them. It lives on heath and other low plants, and hides itself 

 during the day under grass and dead leaves. 



3. E. Bifasciata (Ramb.). — Resembles Cribrum, but with two transverse lines of black dots 

 on the fore-wings, one in the middle and one near the base, which is also marked with some black 

 dots. These lines are better defined and more angulated than in Cribrum, and there is often a 

 third irregular one before the hind margin, which is edged with a row of black dots. It occurs in 

 Corsica. The larva is reddish-brown, with indistinct reddish lines on the back. 



GENUS II.— DEIOPEIA (CURT.). 



Fore-wings long and triangular, hind-wings very broad ; bod}', palpi, and legs with flattened 

 scales, tongue horny. An accessory cellule is produced b)' the junction of nervules 7 and 10. 



