no European Butteri'lies and Morns. 



GENUS IV. — LEUCOMA (STKPII.). 



Body stout, tlic wings rather long, the fore-wings witii tlic Iiind margin obh'que ; hind-wings 

 nearly as long as the body. The only species, * L. Salicis, Linn, (the ]V/iite Satin Moth), is 

 shining white ; the antenna;, tibiae, and tarsi are black, the latter with white rings. Expands about 

 2 inches. It is common throughout Europe and Northern Asia, and is found on the trunks of 

 poplars in June and July. The larva, which has hairy warts instead of tufts of hair, is black, with 

 the sides yellowish, and a row of whitish spots on the back. It feeds on poplars and willows in 

 May and June. The transformations are figured at PI. 25, Fig. i, a — c. 



GENUS V. — OCNERIA (HERR.-SCIIAFF.). 



The male is slender, with broad triangular fore-wings, and the female is stout, with rather 

 narrower fore-wings ; hind-wings rounded. The fore-wings are white or grey, and are generally 

 marked with sharply-dentated black transverse lines. The larvae have a large head and large 

 star-like rounded warts, covered with long hair. 



1. 0. Rubea (W. V.). — Fore-wings reddish-grey, with inconspicuous dark transverse stripes, 

 and a pale central lunule surrounded with darker ; the fringes unspotted. Expands nearly i^ 

 inches. Inhabits Europe, south of the Alps, in July, but is not common. The larva is yellow, 

 varied with brownish above, and with two blackish lines on the back. It feeds on oak in May. 



2. O. Dctrita (Esp.). — Fore-wings thinly scaled, brownish-grey, with a very indistinct dentated 

 transverse stripe beyond the middle, and the fringes spotted with dusky ; hind-wings a little paler. 

 Expands about i inch. Very scarce and local in South Europe and North Germany in June and 

 July. The larva is bluish-grey, with a white line on the back, upon which stand round red warts 

 on the loth and nth segments, and with black and grey tufted warts, red on the sides. It lives 

 on oak from autumn to May. {O. Tcnbintlii, Freyer, from Turkey, is grey, varied with brown ; 

 fore-wings with a row of brown lunules towards the hind margin, and some black dots towards the 

 base ; the fore-wings are shaded with brown in the middle, and have a white central spot ; the 

 fringes are spotted with white). 



* 3. O. Dispar (Linn.), {Gipsy Moth). — Wings brown in the male, and grey in the female; fore- 

 wings generally with dark brown strongly-dentated transverse stripes, and the fringes spotted with 

 dusky ; the body without markings. Expands from i^ to 2^ inches. Abundant in most parts of 

 Europe, and Northern and Western Asia, as far as Japan, but very scarce in England. The 

 male may be seen flying about bushes and hedges throughout the day in July and August, and the 

 female may be taken at rest on hedges or on the trunks of trees. The larva is grey, with three 

 fine yellow lines on the back, and blue tubercles on the sides in front, and red ones behind. It 

 lives on trees from April to July, and is a very destructive insect on the Continent. The male, 

 female, and larva arc figured at PI. 25, Fig. 2, a — c. (0. Athxntica, Ramb., from Spain and 

 Algeria, is reddish-brown, with the thorax, the centre of the fore-wings, upon which is a pale 

 central lunula bordered with black, and the hind margin, darker ; fringes spotted with paler ; 

 abdomen slightly reddish above. Expands i:| inches. The sexes do not differ.) 



*4. O. Rfonaclia (Linn.), {Dhrck Airhis). — Fore-wings white, with strongly-dentated black 

 transverse lines ; fringes and thorax spotted with black ; abdomen reddish, and furnished with 

 a conspicuous ovipositor in the female. In the variety Ercinita (Ochs.) the wings are dark 

 brown, with black markings. Expands from iJ, to 2 inches. A common and often destructive 

 insect throughout Europe, but local in England. It appears in July and August. The larva 



