Psyche. i i 7 



legs are short, with hairy thiglis. The females are wingless, and are generally worm-like, and 

 (except in Finned) are almost entirely destitute of antennae, legs, and palpi. The larvae, which 

 live in movable cases, are naked, with small warts bearing single hairs, and with horny plates 

 on the back of segments 2 to 4 ; the prolegs are very short stumps, and coronated. They 

 change to pupa; in the closed-up case; the male pupa is slender, and projects partly from the 

 case when developed ; the female pupa remains in the case, which the female itself never 

 quits, even to pair, except in Ftiiiica. The males flutter about in the daytime, but live a very 

 short time, and die immediately after pairing. They are generally abundant in their special 

 localities, and are sometimes obtained by sweeping, like the larvae. Many writers class these 

 insects among the TiiiccB. There are two sub-families. 



SUB-FAMILY I.— PSYCHIN.E. 



The internal nervure of the fore-wings not oily forms a short fork towards the base, but also 

 divides towards the border into two long curved branches. The wings are more or less 

 transparent, though sometimes only slightly so, and the hind-wings are as broad as the fore-wings. 

 The female is worm-like, with extremely small rudimentary legs and antennae, and has shining 

 horny plates on segments 2 to 4, and never quits its case. Th.e pupa of the female is rather 

 long, rounded on both sides, and the outer skin is thin. 



GENUS I. — PSYCHE (SCIIRANK). 



Fore-wings triangular or rounded, hind-wings equally broad, but shorter, their discoidal cells 

 divided into two cells to the base. The costal and subcostal nervures are connected by a short 

 disco-celluiar nervule, so as to form a third discoidal cell, which is often short. The antennae and 

 pectinations are short. The larvaj generally hybernate twice, and the moths appear in May and 

 June, and mostly emerge from the cocoon towards evening. 



I. P. Uiiicolor (Hufn.), Graiiiiuella (W. V.). — Male blackish, the wings densely scaled, with the 

 fringes whitish at the ends. The fore-wings are broad and triangular, with eleven nervures ; hind- 

 wings with seven nervures ; body slender. E.xpands nearly i;^ inches. The female is yellowish- 

 white, with dark brown plates on the back ; that on the 4th segment, and a horny spot on the 

 5th, are paler, with dark brown spots. In the male, the case is covered with large pieces of grass 

 and leaves, laid on like scales, and projecting far behind ; in the female, these fragments are 

 smaller, and laid close to the case. The larva is greyish-brown, the thoracic shields shining brown, 

 with three yellow longitudinal lines. It lives till May on grass. The pupa of the female is brown, 

 with the back darker. The male and the case are figured at PI. 26, Fig. 7, a, b. Common in 

 Central and Eastern Europe ; absent from the north-west. 



*2. P. Vi/losella {Oc\\s.), A^igricaiis (Curt.). — Male reddish-grey, wings rather thinly scaled; 

 shape and neuration as in Unicolor ; body stout. Expands about 1 inch. The female is whitish- 

 yellow, with brown plates on the back, and an irregular spot on segment 5. It is found in 

 Southern and some parts of Central Europe (including the New Forest) in June and July. The 

 male case is formed of fragments of plants, and the female case of short stalks of grass and plants 

 laid lengthways. The larva is dirty yellowish-brown, with two obscure dark lines on the back, and 

 black plates on the thorax. It lives till May on heath, broom, &c. {P. Febretta, Fonsc, is rather 

 more fulvous and shining than Villosclhx.\\\x\\\.\\c fringes alwaj's whiter and more shining; and 



