ii8 European Butterflies and Moths. 



the pectinations of tlic anlenniu arc longer, thicker, and more liairy. The female is covered with a 

 greyish-white down ; and the larva feeds on a species of broom. It occurs in the mountains of 

 South Europe. P. Eclistcini, Led., from Hungary, also much resembles Villosella, but is smaller 

 and more slender, with nearly transparent wing.s, and shorter antennae, with rather longer 

 pectinations.) 



3. P. Viciella (W. V.). — The male is dark yellowish-grey, the wings thinly clothed with hair- 

 like scales ; fore-wings rounded behind, with eleven nervures ; and hind-wings with eight nervures ; 

 body stout. Expands nearly i inch, The female is very thick, and of a reddish-yellow, with 

 dark yellow plates on the back. The variety Stcltitunsis (Herr.-Schaff.) is smaller and darker, 

 generally with one nervule wanting on each wing. The variety Viadriua (Stand.) is also darker, 

 and is blackish, instead of brown. Very local in Southern and some parts of Central Europe in 

 June, but entirely absent in the west. The case is very thick, covered with grass-stems and leaf- 

 stalks laid crosswise. The larva is olive-brown, striped and spotted with black, and feeds on 

 grass ; the female pupa is black, reddish-brown at both ends. The male moth is figured at 

 PI. 26, Fig. 8. 



4. P. Constancdla (Bruand). — Smaller than Viciella, body rather short, and very hairy, 

 antennae with short pectinations, and obtuse ; wings blackish, semi-transparent. Female as in 



Viciella, but smaller. The case is like that of Apiforuiis, but shorter, and the larva is stout, 

 resembling that of Calvella, but with a head like Graminclla. Inhabits France. 



5. P. Crassicornis (Staud.). — Black, semi-transparent at the base, and sometimes ashy ; 

 abdomen veiy hairy, and the pectinations of the antennae very thick. Exj^ands rather less than 

 I inch. Found in Greece in March and April. 



6. P. Apifonnis (Rossi). — Body long, thickly covered with black hair, the hair on the abdomen 

 yellow ; antennae yellowish, long, and pointed ; wings sooty-brown, nearly transparent, with 

 brown fringes. In the variety Melasonia (Staud.) the abdomen is quite black. Size of Micscella. 

 Tlie case resembles that of P. Atriboinbycella, and is found on bramble. It inhabits Italy and 

 Portugal in June. {P. Pracellens, Staud., from the mountains of Castile, resembles Graslinella, 

 but has smoky-brown semi-transparent wings, with sharply-defined yellowish-white basal streaks, 

 filling the cells of all the wings, and extending further on the hind-wings.) 



7. P. Grasli)iella (Boisd.). — Male blackish, the wings thinly covered with hair-like scales, and 

 almost transparent ; fore-wings narrow and triangular, with twelve nervures, hind-wings with 

 eight ; body rather thick, with very long hair behind. Expands about i inch. Female dirty 

 reddish-brown, with brown or yellowish plates on the back. The case is long and very thick, 

 covered with the projecting stalks of plants, over which a slight web is spun ; the male case 

 terminates in a long whitish tube. The larva is greyish-brown, with dark triangular spots on the 

 back. It lives on heath till April. The female pupa is black, w ith the ends pale brown. Local 

 in some parts of P" ranee and Germany in May. 



* 8. P. Opacella (Herr.-Schiiff.). — Smaller than Graslinella, with shorter hairs on the abdomen, 

 and one nervule less in each wing ; the female is yellowish, with dark brown plates on the back. 

 Widely distributed in Northern and Central F.urope in May. It frequents dry, sunny places, 

 and emerges from the cocoon in the morning. The case is thin, composed of the stalks of plants 

 arranged lengthways; that of the male ends in a whitish tube. The larva is dirty yellow, with the 

 back dark brown, and the first segments deep black. It lives till April on grass ; the female pupa 

 is yellowish-brown, with the back darker. The variety Sciicx (Stand.), from Bulgaria and Armenia, 

 is transparent, with whitish hairs on the thorax and abdomen, and thicker antenn.x:. {P. Uraknsis, 

 Freyer, has the ncuration of Opacella, but is much more slender, and the wings are shaped as in 



