122 Europe A^r Burr erf lies and J\I or/is. 



* 8. E. Piilla (Ksp.). — Wings black, with unicolorous fringes, tliickly covered with hair-Hke 

 scales ; fore-wings with the tip but slightly rounded ; hind-wings regularly rounded. The 

 pectinations of the antennae are long, and gradually become shorter towards the extremity. 

 Expands about half an inch. The female is pale reddish-brown, with yellowish plates on segments 

 2 and 3 ; a very short ovipositor, surrounded with whitish wool. The case is covered with long 

 stalks of grass ; the larva is found in spring, and the perfect insect in May and June. It is 

 common throughout Southern and Central Europe. In this and the following species, the fore- 

 wings of the males have eleven nervures ; in the preceding species there are ten. {P. Tarnierella, 

 Ikuand, from France, has yellowish-brown wings, with silky yellow fringes ; the body is stout, the 

 palpi are short and hairy, and the pectinations of the antennae are thick, but not numerous ; the 

 abdomen is thinly clothed with hair. E. Arc/da, Mann, expands only one-third of an inch ; it is 

 uniform black, the wings greyish-yellow, covered with fine long hair-like scales. The fringes are 

 long, and are yellowish at the tips of the fore-wings ; the antennae are one-third of the length of the 

 fore-wings, and the pectinations are wide apart. It inhabits the high Alps in July. E. Mentoiiclla, 

 Mill., found at Mentone in April, is perhaps a large variety of Pulla ; the fore-wings are less 

 pointed at the tip, the antennae are unusually thick, and the wings are of a deeper uniform black.) 



g. E. Sicboldii (Reutti). — Wings soot\--brown, fringes and hind margins shining yellowish, 

 thinly clothed with hair-like scales; fore-wings rounded; hind-wings of uniform breadth, the 

 pectinations of the antennae shorter than in Pulla, gradually increasing in length towards the tip. 

 Size of Pulla, which the female and case resemble ; but the former has four pale yellow plates on 

 the back. It is found in France and Germany in May. In the variety Hcriiigii (Heinem.), from 

 North German}', the hind-wings become gradually broader from the base to beyond the middle, 

 and the pectinations of the antennas become suddenly short at the tip, so that the three or four last 

 are quite short, and of equal length. (In E. Helix, Sieb., found in Germany, France, and Italy, 

 the male is unicolorous dark grey. In E. Helicinella, Herr.-Schafif., from South- Western Europe 

 and Sicily, the male is smoky-black, and semi-transparent. The cases in both these species are 

 shaped like snail-shells, and the moths form the new genus Cochlopliancs, Staud.) 



GENUS II. — FUMEA (HAW.). 



Differs from Epiclinoptcryx by the dense scaling of the fore-wings, which is not hair-like, at 

 least on the fore-wings, and the fringes are longer. The female has slender jointed legs and 

 antennas ; eyes distinctly facetted ; a retractile ovipositor, and pale-coloured wool on the abdomen. 

 The larvae have horny plates on the thoracic segments, and, after hybernation, live till May. The 

 moths appear in June, and the female quits the case before pairing. 



1. F. Nitidilla (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings broad, and rounded behind, shining bronz)--brown, \\ ith 

 grey fringes, mostly paler at the ends ; hind-wings thinly scaled, dark brownish-grey ; the antennae 

 with about sixteen pectinations. Expands about i inch. The female is reddish-brown, with 

 square dark spots on the back, and silvery-grey wool on the abdomen. Common in woods 

 throughout the greater part of Europe. The case is covered with long slender stalks of grass. 

 The larva feeds on grass, and also on various trees. {F. Iiitcnncdiclla, Bruand, is probably the 

 same as this.) 



2. F. Bctiilina (Zell.) is a little larger than Nitidella ; the fore-wings are rather longer, more 

 pointed, and darker, and the antennae have about eighteen slenderer pectinations. The female 

 is reddish-brown, with white wool on the abdomen, and the case is covered with short stalks 

 of grass and fragments of plants. The larva feeds on lichens growing on trees. Widely 

 distributed in Central Europe, perhaps including England. 



