134 European Butterflies and Moths. 



black on the back, and whitish on the sides, with two small reddish-yellow or grey warts on 

 each segment. It lives on oak in May and June, and goes out to feed at night in a pyramidal 

 procession, one larva at the head, then two behind, then three, four, five, &c., in a row. The moth 

 and larva are figured at PI. 24, Fig. 7, a, b. 



2. C. Pityocampa (W. V.). — Fore-wings varied with grey and whitish, with blackish, often 

 indistinct transverse lines and central spot ; hind-wings generally with a grey spot at the anal 

 angle. The forehead is naked, with sharp transverse ridges, and the front tibiae have a curved 

 horny bristle at the extremity. Expands about \\ inches. It inhabits Southern and South 

 Central Europe in May and June. The larva is bluish- black above, with a brownish-yellow 

 transverse projection on each segment, and whitish beneath ; it lives on fir-trees in July and 

 August, and its habits are similar to those of the last species. {C. Pinivora, Tr., is only to be 

 distinguished from Pityocampa in the larva state. The larva has triangular black spots on the 

 back, and brownish-red warts. It lives on Pimis sylvestris in North Germany, and always walks 

 in single file, and the nests are constructed in the sand at the foot of the trees. The inflamma- 

 tion caused by the hair is so severe as often to produce very obstinate itching eruptions of the 

 skin, which are liable to return after a long interval, for years afterwards. C. (.■') Herculcana, 

 Ramb., from Andalusia, has whitish fore-wings, varied with yellowish, and four waved or indented 

 transverse brown lines ; the antenna; and anal tuft are also yellowish in the male. The hind- 

 wings are white, and all the fringes are spotted with brown. In the female the lines are 

 sometimes confluent, and the fore-wings are sometimes entirely reddish-brown, with longitudinal 

 white streaks towards the base, and the hind-wings are also tinged with brown. The larva is 

 thick and blackish, and lives on different species of geranium.) 



GENUS II.— PVG.IiRA (OCHS.). 



Thorax densely clothed with flattened hairs, and crested behind, with a dark longitudinal 

 spot ; the antennae are very short, and the wings are rounded. The fore-wings are grey, with 

 three pale transverse stripes ; and darker grey behind, or with a large dark spot at the tip ; the 

 hind-wings are brownish-grey, and the fringes unspotted. The abdomen of the male is long, 

 with a bifurcated anal tuft, and the abdomen is raised when at rest. The larvae have sixteen 

 legs, and are thinly clothed with soft hair. They have long hairy warts on the sides, and 

 hairy tubercles on the Sth and 12th segments. They live in June, and again in autumn, on 

 poplars and willows, between leaves loosely spun together, and change to pupai in a soft 

 hairy cocoon ; the moths appear in May, and again in July and August; but the May brood 

 is the only one which is generally met with in Britain. 



1. P. Tiinoii (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings violet-grey, varied with brown, and spotted with reddish- 

 brown before the hind margin ; the hindmost transverse stripe acro.ss the middle sharply 

 dentated, forming a white lunule on the costa ; hind-wings with two pale transverse stripes. 

 Size oi Anastomosis. Inhabits Eastern Europe and Northern Asi? ; found as far west as 

 Moravia and East Prussia, where it is extremely rare. The .'arva is ashy-grey, with rose- 

 coloured warts, and an additional tubercle on the 6th segment ; head brown. It feeds on 

 aspen. 



2. P. Anastomosis (Linn.). — F"ore-wings reddish violet-grey, varied with brown and orange 

 beyond the middle, with the transverse stripes a little paler, and not indented ; hind-wings uniform 

 greyish-brown. Expands a little over i inch. Widely distributed in Europe, except the 

 north-west and south, but not very common. It also inhabits Siberia. The larva is brown, 



