PnALERA — Cerura. I 35 



black above, with two yellow stripes on the back, and warts covered with red hairs. It lives 

 on aspen and willow. 



* 3. P. Pigra (Hufn.), Rechisa (W. V.). — Wings of a paler grey than in Anastomosis ; the 

 dark marginal half of the fore-wings bordered with white in front, and the transverse lines 

 whiter, especially the hindermost towards the costa, where it is broader and interrupted. 

 Expands from one-third of an inch to an inch. It appears to be common throughout Europe and 

 Western Asia. The larva is grey, yellow above, with blackish dots, and with yellow dots on 

 the sides; the tubercles on the 5th and 12th segments are black. 



*4. C. Anachoreta (W. V.). — Fore-wings brownish ashy-grey, greyish-black varied with yellow 

 at the tip as far as the middle of the costa, and to beyond the middle of the hind margin, 

 with whitish transverse stripes, and black spots above the inner margin. Expands about 

 i;^ inches. Not uncommon throughout Europe and Northern and Western Asia ; the only 

 British locality is Folkestone. The larva is brown ; the back is greyish, with interrupted 

 blackish lines and black and yellow spots, and the tubercles are reddish-yellow. It lives on 

 poplars and willows. The moth is figured at PI. 24, Fig. 8. 



* 5. P. Curtu/a (Linn.), {Chocolate Tip). — Resembles Anaclwrcta, but the fore-wings are paler, 

 and of a more reddish-grey, and the brownish-red tip only extends as far as the hindmost 

 transverse stripe. Expands about \\ inches. Common throughout the greater part of Europe. 

 The larva is brownish-grey, with a reddish line on the back, and reddish-yellow spots on the 

 sides ; or greenish-grey, with the sides blackish ; or flesh-coloured, with two black lines on the 

 back. The tubercles are always black, and that on the 5th segment is rather large. It lives 

 on poplars and willows. 



GENUS III. — PHALERA (HUBN.). 



Thorax with short thick hair, projecting behind. It is yellowish-brown above, and grey 

 at the back and sides. The fore-wings are rather long, with fringes waved at the edges. They 

 are of a mixed silvery-white and silvery-grey colour, obscurely waved with darker, and with 

 two dark brown double transverse lines, the hindermost of which borders a large, pale, ochre- 

 yellow spot, varied with pale brown, which extends to the tip. The hind-wings are whitish- 

 yellow, and the abdomen is long, and ochre-yellow. The larvae have sixteen legs, and are 

 thinly haired. They feed from July to September, and form their pupas in the ground. The 

 moths appear in May and June. 



* I. P. Bucepluxla (Linn.), {Buff-tip). — The fore-wings are silvery-grey, with a pale yellow 

 spot at the tip extending to the middle of the hind margin, and a small yellowish spot in 

 the middle. The abdomen is spotted with brown on the sides. Expands from 2\ to 2\ 

 inches. Common in Europe and Northern and Western Asia. The larva is blackish, with 

 longitudinal stripes on the back and sides. It feeds on oak, lime, &c., and the moth is 

 figured at PI. 31, Fig. i. 



2. P. Bucephaloides (Ochs.). — Resembles Bucephala, but the yellow spot at the tip of the 

 fore-wings is much larger, and extends over two-thirds of the hind margin. The central spot 

 is larger, and the abdomen is not spotted. It inhabits South Europe and Western Asia. 

 The larva is ashy-grey, with dull, dark, longitudinal stripes and small yellow warts. It feeds 

 on oak. 



GENUS IV. — CERURA (SCHRANK). 



The whole body is woolly, and the wings are rounded, with very short fringes. The 

 fore-wings have a long oblique hind margin, and are whitish or grey, with oblique rows of 



