1 38 European Butterflies and Moths. 



with humps on the middle segments, and two short anal projections. The legs on the 3rd 

 and 4th segments are exceedingly long. When at rest they raise both the head and tail ; 

 and it is from their extraordinary appearance that the only European species, * S. Fagi 

 (Linn.), derives its English name of the Lobster Moth. The fore-wings of the moth are 

 brownish-grey, with a much waved and dentated whitish transverse stripe, bordered with dusky, 

 and black spots before the hind margin, marked with whitish in front. Expands from 2^ to 

 2\ inches. The larva is chestnut-brown, with a pale line bordered with dark on the back. It 

 lives on oak, birch, beech, and apple in summer and autumn. The pupa is formed in a soft 

 cocoon between leaves. When the larvae are reared in captivity they are liable to bite off 

 each other's long legs, if too many are kept together. The moth is found throughout the 

 greater part of Europe from May to July, but is not considered very common. The trans- 

 formations are figured at PI. 30, Fig 8, a — c. 



GENUS VIII. — rTILOPIIOR.\ (STEPH.j. 



The thorax is long, and clothed with downy hair; the fore-wings are rather long; the hind 

 margin is waved, and the abdomen is rather narrow. The antennae are strongly pectinated in 

 the male, and simple in the female. The larvse, which have sixteen legs, are slender and 

 naked, with no excrescences, and form their cocoons in the ground. The only species, * P. 

 Pliimigera (W. V.), has rusty-yellow fore-wings, varied with brownish, and a strongly curved 

 and dentated pale transverse stripe beyond the middle. The hind-wings are pale yellowish- 

 grey. Expands nearly \\ inches. It inhabits Central Europe in October and November. The 

 larva is yellowish-green, darker on the sides, with a bluish line on the back, and three fine 

 whitish lines on each side. It feeds on maple, beech, &c., principally in hilly districts. The 

 moth is figured at Pi. 30, Fig. 9. 



GENUS IX. — PTEROSTOMA (GERM.). 



Remarkable for the long projecting palpi, which are covered with long scales. The fore- 

 wings have pointed tips and dentated hind margins ; and the thorax has three prominent, 

 raised, narrow, longitudinal crests, and long hair behind ; the abdomen is slender. The larvse, 

 which have sixteen legs, are naked and slender, and form their cocoons in the ground. The 

 only species, * P. Palpiiia (Linn.), has pale ochre-yellow fore-wings, varied with brownish, and 

 two dark brown, strongly-dentated transverse lines, and a double row of dark spots at the 

 ends of the teeth of the last line; the hind-wings are brownish-grey. Expands from if to 



2 inches. Common throughout Europe in May and June. The larva is bluish-green, with the 

 sides darker, varied with whitish, with four slender pale lines on the back and a yellow stripe 

 on the sides. It lives on poplar, willow, and oak from July to October. The moth is figured 

 at PI. 31, Fig. 2. 



GENUS X.— SPATALIA (HUBN.). 



The thorax is clothed with rather flattened hair ; the fore-wings are rather broad, with 

 a long and much dentated hind margin, and with two tooth-like tufts of scales on the inner 

 margin, a large one near the middle, and a smaller one near the hinder angle. The hind- 

 wings are short and rounded, and the thorax has a crest, projecting in front. The larvae have 

 sixteen legs, and are smooth, with two small globular elevations close together on the 5th 

 segment, a transverse tuft on the nth, and small points on the 12th segment. They construct 



