I4S EUROPEAX BrrTERFLIES AlVD MoTHS. 



white fore-wings, with black spots and dentated transverse lines; the fringes are chequered 

 with black and white. The hind-wings are dark grey, chequered with lighter, and the thorax 

 is white, spotted with black. Expands from \\ to 2 inches. Local in Central Europe in 

 May, but absent in the north-west. The larva is hairy, with tufts of hair on the 5th and 

 1 2th segments. It is brownish-grey; the incisions are blue, and there is a whitish line 

 intersected with white transverse lines on the back, and a reddish-yellow stripe on the sides. 

 It feeds on pine and other trees in August and September. The moth is figured at PI. 25, 



Fig- 7- 



GENUS VI. — DIPHTHERA (OCHS.). 



The thorax is short and broad, with thick smooth hair, the abdomen is crested, and the 

 palpi are thickly covered with short hair beneath, with the last joint short and naked. The 

 only species, D. Ludifica (Linn.), has pale yellowish fore-wings, with many black dentated 

 transverse stripes, the orbicular and reniform stigmata white, the former surrounded and the 

 latter edged on both sides with black, and the fringes chequered with black and white. The 

 hind-wings are grey (whiter in the male than in the female), with the inner margin broadly 

 ochre-yellow ; the abdomen is ochre-yellow, with black spots on the back. Expands from 

 li to if inches. Local in Northern and Central Europe in May, but absent in the north- 

 west. The larva has hairy warts, and a hairy tubercle on the I2th segment. It is greyish- 

 blue, with three yellow lines on the back, and white spots beneath. There is also a white 

 line on the sides. It feeds on Sorbtis ancuparia in September and October, and changes to 

 a pupa in a cocoon among stones. The moth is figured at PI. 33, Fig. i. 



FAMILY II.— ACRONYCTID.E. 



Slender, middle-sized or small moths ; the antennae not pectinated, but slightly ciliated in 

 the male. The palpi are of ordinary size, with the last joint short, naked, and indistinct ; 

 the tongue is horny, the hind tibiae are longer than the femora, the spurs are strong, and the 

 fore-wings are rather obtuse at the tips. The larvae have sixteen legs, and hairy warts, and 

 sometimes fleshy tubercles, or long tufts of hair ; they change to pupae in a firm cocoon, and 

 most species bore into rotten wood to construct it, with which they must be supplied 

 for the purpose when reared in captivity. They fly at night, and rest with their wings 

 sloping. 



GENUS I. — CRANIOPHORA (SNELL.). 



Chiefly differs from Acronycta by scales being mixed with hairs on the thorax, and in the 

 strong crest on all the segments of the abdomen. The only species, * C. Ligustri (Linn.), 

 has violet-brown fore-wings, varied with dark green ; behind the inconspicuous reniform stigma 

 they are pale grey, with double black transverse lines ; the orbicular stigma is whitish, 

 surrounded and filled up with dusky, and the hind-wings are brownish-grey. Expands about 

 \\ inches. Not uncommon throughout Europe from May to July. The larva is covered 

 with thin hair ; it is yellowish-green, with a yellowish-white stripe on the back, and yellow 

 subdorsal stripes ; it lives on lilac, ash, and privet in August and September. 



GENUS II. — ACRONYCTA (OCHS.). 



The thorax is not crested in front, but slightly so behind, and the abdomen is not 

 crested, except very slightly on the ist segment; the legs are woolly. The fore-wings are 



