152 European Buiterflies and Moths. 



rectangular, and the fringes rounded, but slightly oblique at the hinder angle ; brown, grey, white, 

 or greenish, with the Noctua-i^zX.'iQxw more or less marked ; the hind-wings are rather contracted 

 below the tips. The larvae have small heads, and warts covered with short hair. They feed 

 on lichens, and hide themselves in clear weather during the day, so that they must be looked 

 for in dull, damp weather. The larvs hybernate, and feed till May, and the moths appear in 

 July and August. 



* I. B. Pcria (W. V.). — Fore-wings yellowish-white, varied with grey, with two single black 

 zigzag transverse lines ; the stigmata large and grey, and the orbicular and reniform stigmata 

 connected ; the hind-wings are greyish-white, with two grey curved stripes, and a grey spot in 

 the middle. Expands a little under or over i inch. Common in Central and Southern Europe 

 and Western Asia. The larva is dark blue, with a reddish-yellow stripe on the back divided 

 with black, and white hnes on the sides. The moth is figured at Pi. 33, Fig. 3. (The variety 

 (.') Perloides, Guen., from the Pyrenees and Spain, has the fore-wings more oblong, and a little 

 more pointed, and strongly dusted with yellowish or greenish-grey. The elbowed line is shaped 

 as in Miiralis. The hind-wings are darker than in Perla, and not spotted witii white at the hind 

 margin, and the palpi are more curved, and ascending. The variety (i") Galathea, Mill., from 

 South France, has very dark fore-wings, so that it is difficult to trace the markings, and the 

 hind-wings are whitish, with a black lunule in the centre, and the hind margins dusky.) 



* 2. B. Muralis (Forst.), Glandifcra (W. V.). — Fore-wings pale green, varied with brownish, 

 with single black transverse lines, the inner line connected with the pale transverse stripe above 

 the inner margin, and the elbowed line slightly dentated. The stigmata are brownish, and the 

 orbicular and reniform stigmata are connected. The hind-wings are dusted with pale grey, and 

 marked with a slender dark curved line. Expands from i to i^ inches. The larva is green, with 

 a dark stripe on the back divided with white, and white dashes on the sides. (The variety Par, 

 Hiibn., from South Europe, is paler, with the stripes of the fore-wings indistinct. B. Umovii, 

 Eversm., from Russia, is green, the fore-wings with a submarginal row of spots, the two lines 

 waved and dentated, and the stigmata black; hind-wings whitish, darker towards the hind margins, 

 with a central lunule, and a waved stripe beyond it, black.) 



*3. B. AlgCB {?z!ot}). — Fore-wings green, varied with brownish, and blackish in the position 

 of the claviform stigma. The transverse hnes are not dentated, the inner line is straight and 

 simple, and the elbowed line is indistinctly double, and strongly curved ; the stigmata and 

 the submarginal line are indistinct, and the hind-wings are brownish-grey. The variety Degener 

 (Esp.) is nearly unicolorous grey; the variety Calligyapha (Borkh.) has the fore-wings spotted 

 with dark yellow. Size of Perla, or a little smaller. It is in the habit of resting on the 

 trunks of lichen-covered trees ; and the larva, which feeds on lichens in similar situations, is 

 grey, bluish on the sides, with a grey stripe on the back. It inhabits Central and Southern 

 Europe and Western Asia, but is a great rarity in England. The moth is figured at 



PI- 33. t^ig- 4- 



4. B. Fraudatricula (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings dark brownish-grey, tending towards reddish, with 

 black longitudinal stripes above the inner margin in the central and outer portions of the wing ; 

 the transverse lines are single and not dentated, bordered with paler, the inner line oblique and 

 arched, and the elbowed line strongly curved. The hind-wings are brownish-grey, with the fringes 

 scarcely paler. Size of Muralis. Inhabits the greater part of Central Europe, except the north- 

 west, but is local. It is generally found resting on palings and on the trunks of trees. 



5. B. Strigula (Borkh.), Reccptricula (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings unicolorous dark slate-colour, with 

 black lungitudiiial stripes as in Fraudatricula, but the other markings are very indistinct ; the 



