NoxAGRrA. 155 



the moths appear in svimmcr and autumn. From the nature of their food, most of the species are 

 fen insects. The infested plants may be known by their withered leaves, and then the pupK 

 should be looked for, for rearing ; but they must not be removed from the stems in which they 

 are enclosed. The species of Nonagria differ considerably in structure, and may be divided into 

 several groups. 



A. The antenncB of the male dcntated and ciliated ; fore-wings with the hind margin oblique, 

 and the fringes waved. The pupa is placed with the head downwards. 



* 1. N. Arundinis (Fabr.), TyphcB (Esp.). — Fore-wings ochreous, varied with grey, with white 

 nervures and black marginal lunules ; the reniform stigma indicated. Hind-wings yellowish-white, 

 with a dark central lunule, and the hind margin dusted with darker. The variety Fr-aterna (Borkh.) 

 has reddish-brown fore-wings, almost without markings. Expands from li to 2 inches. Common 

 throughout Central Europe in August and September. The larva is dirty flesh-colour, with three 

 pale lines on the back, and the head and plates black. It lives in the stems of Typha latifolia 

 and angustifolia from May to August. The moth is figured at PL 34, Fig. i. 



B. The antenna as in Section A ; tlie fore-wings truncated, zuith the fringes entire. The 

 pupa is placed with the head upivards. 



* 2. N. Sparganii (Esp.). — Fore-wings pale ochre-yellow or brownish-yellow, with dark longi- 

 tudinal streaks, three black spots in the position of the reniform stigma, a row of black dots 

 beyond, and black marginal dots ; hind-wings whitish-yellow, dusted with brown at the base. 

 Expands from i^ to \\ inches. Not uncommon in Central Europe in August and September, but 

 has only just been discovered in Britain. The larva is green, with four dark lines on the back, a 

 pale brown head, and greenish plates. It lives in the stems of Spargauiuni ramosuui, Typha, and 

 other water-plants in July and August. 



* 3. N. Cannes (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings of the male brownish-yellow or reddish-brown, and those 

 of the female greyish ochre-yellow, with dark longitudinal streaks, a row of black spots beyond 

 the middle, and a black marginal line ; hind-wings brownish-grey. Size of Sparganii. Widely 

 distributed in Central Europe in August and September. The lar\'a is yellowish or greenish, 

 with a pale brown head ; the plates greenish-white. It lives in the stems of Typha latifolia 

 from May to July. The moth is figured at PI. 34, Fig. 2. 



C. The antenncB of the male serrated and ciliated ; the fore-iuings and fringes as in Section B. 

 4. N. Nexa (Hiibn.). — Fore -wings reddish-brown, with a narrow white reniform stigma, which 



is produced beneath in a long streak running towards the base ; hind-wings dark grey. Expands 

 a little more than i inch. A local species, found in the north of France and Germany, and 

 the south of Sweden. It is met with in marshes in August. The larva is dirty white, with two 

 reddish stripes on the back, and a black line on the sides ; the plates are yellowish. It lives till 

 June in the stems of Carcx. 



D. The antenna; finely ciliated, but not dcntated, otherwise as in Section B. 



* 5. N. Geminipuncta (Hatch.). — Fore-wings reddish-grey or reddish-brown, with the nervures 

 dusted with pale grey, a small white spot surrounded with black, and sometimes double, in the 

 position of the reniform stigma, fringes unspotted; hind-wings brownish-grey. Sometimes the white 

 centre of the spot is absent, and occasionally the wings are entirely blackish (variety Nigricans, 

 Stand.), and the markings are quite indistinct. Expands from i to ij inches. Inhabits Central 

 Europe in August. The larva is yellowish-white, with four black raised spots on each segment, 

 which are arranged in two rows on each side of the back ; head and plates dark brown. It 

 lives in the stems of the reed till June, selecting plants which do not grow in the water. 



6. JV. Dissoluta (Tr.).— Slender, fore-wings straw-colour, brownish-red, or dark bro\\n, with a 



*( 



