Calamia — Leucania. 159 



genus xii. — calamia (led.). 



Middle-sized moths, with stout bodies, fore-wings nearly as in Leucania, ochreous, with 

 pale veins, but without the Noctua-^-aXX^txw ; the antennae not dentated, the palpi erect, the 

 tongue slender but horny, and the abdomen extending beyond the hind-wings. The larvae 

 are naked, and live in the stalks of the reed. 



* I. C. Liitosa (Hubn.), Crassicornis (Haw.).— Fore-wings rather long, pale greyish-yellow, 

 finely dusted with darker, with the veins rather paler ; hind-wings white, dusted with brown ; 

 all the wings with a row of black dots towards the hind margins. Expands from \\ to 

 2 inches. Occurs throughout Central Europe from August to November, but is not very 

 common. The larva is flesh-colour, shaded with brown, with a row of crescent-shaped brown 

 hooks on the outside of the prolegs ; head and plates brown. It lives in the stalks till June, 

 and roots of reeds which do not grow in the water, and changes to a pupa in the stalks. 



*2. C. Phragmitidis (Hubn.).— Fore-wings short, pale ochre-yellow, shading into rusty- 

 yellow behind, with fine white veins and brownish fringes; hind-wings brownish-grey. 

 Expands about i^ inches. Local and generally scarce in marshes throughout Central 

 Europe in July. The larva is slender, dirty white, with a double row of violet-brown 

 spots on the back, and brown warts ; head and plates brown. It lives in the reed in May, 

 and becomes a pupa in the ground. 



GENUS Xin. — LEUCANIA (OCHS.). 



Middle-sized moths, the fore-wings a little broader behind, generally with the tip pointed, 

 but occasionally more rounded ; hind margin a little oblique, rounded above the hinder angle. 

 The fore-wings are ochreous or reddish-brown, generally with pale nervures, bordered on both 

 sides with slender dark lines, and additional dark lines between them beyond the middle ; 

 the A^oc/z/rt-pattern is rarely visible. The palpi and tongue are thick; the hairs on the thorax 

 are smoothed down flat, and seldom slightly crested behind ; the abdomen is thick, and 

 extends considerably beyond the anal angle of the hind-wings; and the legs are very hairy. 

 The larvae are naked, pale yellowish or brownish, with fine longitudinal lines, and the plates 

 on the back of the 2nd and last segments are not conspicuous. They live from autumn 

 to spring on grass, rushes, and low plants, and many of them conceal themselves in the 

 day-time in the stalks of reeds, and change to pupae either there or in the ground. They 

 may be obtained by sweeping, especially before hybernation. The moths may be captured at 

 dusk at flowers, or at sugar, and may frequently be met with in meadows in the day-time. 



* I. L. Pudorina (W. V.). — Fore-wings pale yellow, suffused with rosy and dusted with 

 blackish, with pale veins and indistinct blackish lines between ; hind-wings dark grey, with 

 rosy fringes. Expands about l^ inches. A common insect in Central and South-Eastern 

 Europe in July and August ; it also occurs in Siberia. The larva is dirty white, with three 

 white lines on the back, the two outermost bordered with black above, and with three fine 

 whitish lines on each side, and a grey stripe above the feet. It lives on grass from March 

 to May. 



* 2. L. Pallens (Linn.), {Common Wainscot). — Fore-wings pale ochre-yellow, rarely reddish 

 (variety Ectypa, Hiibn.), with white veins bordered with brown, and three indistinct black dots, 

 one at the hinder angle of the discoidal cell, and two beyond it on nervules 2 and 5 ; hind 

 margin without dots. Hind-wings white, the hind margin slightly dusted with brownish. 



