Caradrina. [65 



black, and several zigzag black transverse lines edged with white ; between the outermost 

 white line and the hind margin the nervures arc white, forming white arches standing on the 

 margins, which are intersected in the male with another curved black line. Hind-wings whitish, 

 more or less varied with grey. Expands from i\ to li- inches. 



GENUS XVIII.— CARADRINA (TR.). 



Rather small moths ; the fore-wings with a short and slightly curved hind margin, the 

 tips obtuse, and the fringes rounded. They are yellowish-brown or grey, with two dark 

 transverse lines, the inner line indented and the elbowed line dentated, often bordered with 

 paler, and with black spots at the tip. The claviform stigma is wanting, the orbicular stigma 

 is round and sometimes very small, and the reniform stigma is generally large, and both are 

 usually surrounded with a narrow pale line ; the submarginal line is pale and slightly curved ; 

 and the hind-wings are broad. The antennse are ciliated, but not dentated; the tongue is strong; 

 and the abdomen extends rather beyond the hind-wings. The larvae are naked, with pale 

 longitudinal lines, and feed on low plants from autumn to spring, and construct their pup^ 

 on or in the ground. They may be obtained by sweeping, or by searching among dry leaves. 

 The moths appear between May and August, and may be taken at sugar, or flying in weedy 

 places at dusk. They are widely distributed, but many species are rare, probably because 

 they are small dull-coloured insects, and therefore liable to be overlooked. 



* I. C. Exigua (Hiibn.). — Fore -wings narrow and triangular, with the hind margin oblique; 

 yellowish-grey, with two dark double transverse lines, the submarginal line white and indented, 

 and with well-marked black marginal spots bordered with white ; the stigmata pale yellow, 

 the small round orbicular stigma with a rusty-yellow centre, and the reniform stigma with a 

 brown centre. The hind-wings are broadly triangular, of a slightly transparent white, with 

 brown nervures. Expands from i to i^ inches. It inhabits South Europe and Western Asia 

 from May to August, and is occasionally met with in the south of England in June. The 

 larva lives on convolvulus, &c., growing in damp places, and forms a slight cocoon under 

 moss. 



* 2. C. Morplicus (Hufn.). — Fore-wings broad, narrower in the female, brownish-grey, with a 

 dark grey band sharply bounded in front before the submarginal line; the stigmata are rather 

 large, surrounded with rusty-brown and filled up with grey ; the hind-wings are whitish, dusted 

 with grey at the hind margin. Expands about i^ inches. Common in Central and Northern 

 Europe from June to August. The larva is reddish-ashy, with a white line on the back, and 

 oblique black stripes, widened triangularly, on the sides. It feeds on convolvulus, lettuce, &c., 

 and hybernates when full-grown. {C. Vidua, Staud., from Sarepta, is closely allied to 

 Cubicularis. It is whitish-grey, the hind margin blackish — never reddish-brown — and intersected 

 by the white submarginal line ; the orbicular stigma is almost or quite obsolete, the reniform 

 stigma is blackish instead of reddish-brown, the costa is much more distinctly spotted with 

 black, and the transverse lines are indicated by interrupted black dashes ; hind-wings as in 

 Cjibiadaris^ 



* 3. C. Cubicularis (W. V.). — Fore-wings yellowish-grey, with black finely indented transverse 

 lines, and a zigzag whitish submarginal line, bordered with rusty-red in front ; the stigmata 

 are small and dark, the reniform stigma is marked with white dots on the edges ; and the 

 hind-wings arc rounded, and of a translucent white. Expands from i to i| inches. Common 

 in Europe and Northern and Western Asia from June to August. The larva is reddish-grey, 



