Tmniocampa, 1 73 



behind the reniform stigma, a transverse spot within the elbowed line, and two on the sub- 

 terminal line all black. Expands \\ inches. It inhabits South Russia in June and July. 

 (T. Rorida, Herr.-Schaff., from Turkey, is pale ashy, the fore-wings varied with brown, and 

 the markings very indistinct ; the reniform stigma is small and black.) 



* 3. T. Popiileti (Fabr.). — Fore-wings violet-grey, with indistinct transverse lines, and an 

 interrupted whitish subterminal line, marked with black or rusty-brown in front ; the two 

 stigmata are dark, bordered with paler. Expands nearly \\ inches. It occurs throughout 

 Central Europe. The larva is yellow, with the mouth and the sides of the head black. It 

 lives on poplar. 



*4. T. Miniosa (W. V.). — Fore-wings yellowish-grey, thickly dusted with red-lead colour, 

 especially in the central area, with light transverse lines ; the two stigmata are darker, and 

 surrounded with paler. Hind-wings white, thinly dusted with grey, with a dark central spot, 

 and two reddish curved lines; fringes reddish. Expands from \\ to li inches. Found 

 throughout Central Europe, but not very common. The larva is pale blue, with broad yellow 

 stripes on the back and sides, between which are round, black, and often connected spots ; 

 head dotted with black. It lives on oak, birch, and willow in April and May, at first 

 gregariously, and afterwards singly. 



* 5. T. Piilveritknta (Borkh.), Cruda (Tr.). — Fore-wings greyish-yellow, with the transverse 

 lines replaced with black dots, and the subterminal line indistinct. The stigmata are darker, 

 and surrounded with paler, and the orbicular stigma is small. Expands from i to i^ inches. 

 Common in the greater part of Europe. The larva is green or brown, with small black 

 warts, three white lines on the back, a yellow stripe on the sides, and a transverse one on 

 the 1 2th segment ; head black. It lives on oak in May. 



* 6. T. Miinda (W. V.). — Fore-wings greyish-ochre, with grey stigmata surrounded with 

 paler, and black spots (absent in variety Iinniaculata, Stand.) in front of the rather indistinct 

 subterminal line, especially at and above the middle. Expands from i^ to if inches. The 

 larva is yellowish-grey, with a black line on the back, suffused black transverse stripes, and 

 a broad reddish-grey stripe on the sides, bordered above with a wavy black line, which is 

 marked with triangular white spots on the 5th and 6th segments. 



* 7. T. Stabilis (W. V.). — Fore-wings short, reddish-yellow, with black dots beyond the 

 middle, and a whitish nearly straight subterminal line ; the nervures near the hind margin 

 are pale and slender, the two stigmata are of nearly equal size and close together, and 

 surrounded with paler ; in the female the antennse are serrated. Expands from i\ to \\ 

 inches. Common in Central and Southern Europe. The larva is green, with three yellowish 

 lines on the back, a yellow stripe on the sides, and a yellow transverse line on the 12th 

 segment. It feeds on elm, oak, and beech. 



* 8. T. Gracilis (W. V.). — Resembles Stabilis, but the fore-wings are longer and more 

 pointed ; much paler reddish-grey, with the orbicular stigma smaller ; hind-wings lighter, with 

 the black central spot of the under side showing through ; female with the antennae simple. 

 In all the preceding species the antennse are pectinated in the male ; in this and in the two 

 following species they are ciliated. Larva green or brown, varied with white, with three slender 

 white lines on the back, and a broad yellow stripe on the sides, bordered with white lines, 

 and shaded above with deep black. It lives on willow, wormwood, &c., spinning together the 

 leaves at the ends of the shoots. 



*9. T. Inccrta (Hufn.), Instabilis (Tr.). — Fore-wings violet-grey, varied with reddish-brown, 

 with a whitish subterminal line bordered in front with brown, and set backwards below the 



