C OSMIA. I 79 



dcntatcd ; the stigmata are generally indistinct, and the clavifonu stigma is absent ; the hind- 

 wings are rather large, and the abdomen, which is slender in the male, extends rather beyond 

 the anal angle. The antennae are simple, and slightly ciliated. The larvae are naked, with 

 small raised warts, and feed on trees in May and June, but are formidable cannibals, and 

 must never be placed with other larvae ; the moths appear in July and August, and may be 

 taken at sugar. 



* I. C. Paleacea (Esp.), Fulvago (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings reddish ochre -yellow, with brown or 

 reddish marginal dots and fringes and two brown transverse lines ; the inner line forms a 

 right angle, and the elbowed line is slightly curved ; the stigmata are surrounded with brown, 

 the reniform stigma contains a brown spot below ; and the hind-wings are yellowish-white. 

 Expands nearly \\ inches. Not uncommon in Northern and Central Europe and in the Altai. 

 The larva is yellowish-green, with three whitish lines on the back, and a dark line on the 

 sides, bordered with white. It lives on oak, birch, and alder. 



2. C. Abluta (HiJbn.). — Fore-wings pale grey, marked as in Paleacea, the transverse lines 

 bordered with whitish, the stigmata very indistinct, the hind margin not dotted, and the hind- 

 wings pale grey. Expands about li inches. A scarce species, said to occur along a narrow 

 zone, from Piedmont to the Ural, but chiefly in Hungary. The larva is green, dusted with 

 white, with a sulphur-yellow stripe on the sides ; it feeds on willow. {C. Imbuta, Boisd., from 

 Sarepta, has luteous fore-wings; the central area is brick-red, with pale stigmata, the reniform 

 stigma is brownish behind, the inner line is much curved, and the hind-wings are tinged with 

 orange.) 



3. C. Contusa (Freyer). — Fore-wings ruSty-brown, with two rather lighter and slightly waved 

 transverse lines, and a darker central shade; the stigmata indistinct, surrounded with paler, 

 the orbicular stigma small, and the reniform stigma narrow, contracted in the middle, and 

 filled up with blackish beneath; hind-wings brownish-grey. Expands from i^- to li inches- 

 A rare and local species, inhabiting North Germany. Larva pale green, whitish above, with 

 white warts, a dull pale line on the back, and a white stripe on the sides. It lives between 

 united leaves of aspen. 



*4. C. Trapezina (Linn.). — Fore-wings ochre-yellow or greenish-grey, with two whitish 

 transverse lines bordered with brown, the inner line straight and very oblique, the elbowed 

 line curved, the stigmata surrounded with paler, and the hind-wings brownish-grey. Size of 

 Contusa. Common throughout the, greater part of Europe. Larva pale green, with black 

 warts surrounded with white, three whitish lines on the back, and a j'cllowish stripe on the 

 sides. It feeds on oak, willow, &c. 



* 5. C. Affinis (Linn.). — Fore-wings yellowish-brown, varied with blackish, with two 

 transverse lines a little paler, and white in front, the elbowed line strongly curved outwards 

 below the costa, the stigmata dark in the middle, and the hind-wings blackish, with ochreous 

 fringes. Common in Central and Southern Europe. The larva is yellowish coppery-green, 

 with five white longitudinal lines, and lives between united leaves of elm. The moth is 

 figured at PI. 33, Fig. 13. 



*6. C. Diffinis (Linn.).— Fore-wings violet-red, varied with reddish-brown, with two pale 

 transverse lines expanding into two large white spots on the costa ; the elbowed line much 

 angulatcd below the costa ; the stigmata absent. Hind-wings dark grey. Expands about 

 i^ inches. Common in Central and Southern Europe and Western Asia. The larva is 

 whitish-green, with a black head, but otherwise resembles that of Affinis. 



* 7. C. Pyralina (W. V.). — Resembles Dffinis, but the fore-wings are more unicolorous 



