i8o European Butterflies and Moths. 



violet-brown, the transverse lines are more indistinct, and only the elbowed line is narrowly 

 white on the costa; stigmata absent. Expands about i^^ inches. Appears to occur throughout 

 Central Europe. The larva is yellowish-green, varied with whitish, with three white longi- 

 tudinal lines ; it lives between united leaves of elm, like those of the two preceding species, 

 but is also found on fruit-trees. 



GENUS XLI. — PVRRHIA (HUBN.). 



Fore-wings short, broad behind, with the hind margin somewhat waved, and curved towards 

 the hinder angle ; all the transverse lines, the central shade, and the borders of the orbicular 

 and reniform stigmata consist of simple fine dark lines ; the inner line is much curved, the 

 elbowed line nearly straight and very oblique, and the subterminal line slightly dentated. 

 The hind-wings are small, pale yellow, with a broad blackish hind margin, and a blackish 

 spot in the middle. The antenna; are simply ciliated, and the abdomen is cylindrical, 

 extending considerably beyond the anal angle, and is slightly crested above. The larvae 

 are slender and naked, with raised dots. 



* I. P. Umbra (Hufn.), Margiimta (Fabr.). — Fore-wings golden-yellow, violet-grey towards 

 the hind margin, with fine rusty-brown markings. Expands about \\ inches. Common 

 throughout Central Europe and Northern Asia from May to July. The larva is green or 

 brownish, with raised black dots, a dark line on the back, two whitish subdorsal lines, and a 

 whitish stripe on the sides. It feeds on rest-harrow in July and August. 



2. P. Pjirpurites (Tr.). — Fore-wings olive-grey, reddish-purple towards the hind margins, 

 with fine reddish-purple markings. Size of Umbra. Found in Hungary, Turkey, and the 

 Altai in May. The larva resembles that of Umbra, but has a darker line on the sides instead 

 of a whitish stripe. It feeds on Ceiitaurea in May. 



GENUS XLII. — HYDROECIA (GU£N.). 



Middle-sized, stout-bodied moths, with the fore-wings broad and triangular, and the hind 

 margin oblique, and curved above the hinder angle. The fore-wings are brownish, with simple 

 dark transverse lines, which are not dentated ; the inner line is interrupted above and much 

 curved below, and the elbowed line is parallel to the hind margin, and strongly curved forwards 

 just below the costa ; the subterminal line is zigzag and indistinct, the orbicular and reniform 

 stigmata are large and finely surrounded with dusky, the claviform stigma is absent ; the hind- 

 wings have generally a dark line in the middle, and the antennje are slightly dentated and 

 ciliated in the male ; the tongue is strong, and the abdomen extends a little beyond the anal 

 angle. In //. Nictitans the pattern of the wings is rather different. The larvEe are cylin- 

 drical, with a horny plate behind the head, and small black raised dots bearing scattered 

 hairs. They live in the roots of marsh plants in May and June, and the moths mostly appear 

 in August and September. 



* I. H. Nictitans (Linn.). — Fore-wings rusty-brown or olive-grey, with fine dark double 

 transverse lines ; the orbicular stigma small, round, and orange ; the reniform stigma orange, 

 or white, divided by fine dark lines ; the subterminal line fine and dark ; hind-wings brownish- 

 grey. Expands from \\ to li inches. Common in Northern and Central Europe, North 

 Asia, and North America in July and August. The larva is brownish-grey, with raised black 

 dots and a yellow head, and feeds on the roots of grass. 



* 2. //. Hficaira (Esp.). — Fore-wings violet-red, the central area violet-brown, with fine rusty- 



