1 84 European- Butterflies and Moths. 



head, collar, and fringes rusty-red ; thorax brown ; hind-wings and abdomen coppery-brown, 

 the latter whitish at the base. It inhabits South France and Spain.) 



2. O. Veronica (Hiibn.). — Fore-wings reddish-grey, with the nervures narrowly paler, and 

 black spots before the hind margin ; the stigmata dark grey, finely surrounded with pale 

 and brown; all the lines indistinct. Expands from \\ to \\ inches. A rare species, inhabiting 

 South France, Austria, and Hungary. 



3. O. Silene (W. V.). — Fore-wings dark violet-grey, with the nervures narrowly whitish, the 

 stigmata narrowly surrounded with paler, except in front, and filled up with deep black, the reni- 

 form stigma finely divided with paler. The variety Gallica (Led.) has the lines and stigmata 

 obliterated, the fore-wings being concolorous, except that the central shade and subterminal 

 line are indicated by a reddish shade towards the costa. Expands about \\ inches. Inhabits 

 Central Europe (England excepted), but scarce. Larva like that of Vaccinii, but with oblique 

 stripes meeting in angles on the back, and a deep black plate on the 2nd segment, divided 

 by two white lines ; it feeds on low plants. 



4. O. Daubei (Dup.). — Fore-wings pale ochre-yellow, the subterminal line indicated by a 

 row of black dots ; the other lines only indicated by black atoms on the costa and hind 

 margin. Central shade indistinct, but continuous. Reniform stigma composed of little blackish 

 marks ; orbicular stigma absent. Fringe concolorous, preceded by a row of black dots. Hind- 

 wings blackish, with the costa and fringe ochreous. A rare species, found at Montpellier, 

 where the larva feeds on box. {0. hitricata, Boisd., from South France has the fore-wings 

 ashy-grey, dusted with brown, with the nervures and outline of the stigmata paler grey. The 

 costa is marked with several brown spots, the middle one extending to the reniform stigma, 

 which contains a black dot. A row of brown spots bordered with pale yellow towards the 

 hind margin ; fringes reddish-brown. Hind-wings grey, with the fringes paler.) 



*5- O. Vaccina (Linn.), (Chestnut Motii). — Fore-wings with the tips not prominent and the 

 hind margin very convex ; the colour varies from rust-colour to dark grey, with pale nervures ; 

 the subterminal line is replaced by a row of black dots, the transverse lines are brown, and 

 narrowly double, the elbowed line is dentated, and the reniform stigma is filled up with 

 blackish below. In dark specimens the markings are more or less indistinct. It varies very 

 much in colour and markings, and has sometimes no transverse bands, or these when present 

 may be either pale (variety Mixta, Stand.) or dark {Spadicea, Hiibn.). Expands about i^ inches. 

 Common throughout Northern and Central Europe and Northern and Western Asia. The 

 larva is dark cinnamon-brown, whitish beneath, with three indistinct pale lines on the back, 

 and is chequered with paler between ; the plate on the back of the 2nd segment is brown, 

 with three white lines. It feeds on low plants and on oak. The moth is figured at PI. 34, 

 Fig. 9. 



* 6. O. Ligula (Esp.). — Very like Vaccinii, but the tip of the fore-wings is more pointed, 

 and the hind margin beneath it is slightly curved and less convex ; the colour varies from 

 dark rusty-brown to blackish, and the markings are generally indistinct; the subterminal line 

 is more continuous, and marked with a whitish transverse band instead of black dots. The 

 variety Polita (Hubn.) is blackish, marbled with grey, and the variety Sitbspadicea (Stand.) is 

 reddish-brown or dark brown, reticulated with whitish. Size of Vaccinii, and almost equally 

 common in Central and Western Europe. The larva is dark brown, with paler longitudinal lines, 

 and lives on bushes and low plants. {O. Torrida, Led., from Sicily, is dark brown, reddish 

 towards the costa, the stigmata filled up, and the double zigzag transverse lines marked, w-ith 

 grey or reddish ; the subterminal line zigzag, paler, and broader towards the costa. Hind- 



