Triphmna. 187 



two broad white oblique lines run forward, and two similar but narrower lines run backward. 

 It lives on trees and bushes. The moth is figured at PI. 34, Fig. 1 1. ~ 



7. A. Cinnamomea (Borkh.). — Fore-wings dark cinnamon-brown, with pale yellow and dark 

 brown longitudinal lines, but with no other distinct markings ; hind-wings cinnamon-red. A rather 

 scarce species, appearing in the southern half of Central Europe in September ; and from hyber- 

 nated pupae in May. The larva is yellowish -green, with whitish lines on the back, yellow oblique 

 streaks on the nth and 12th segments, and a yellow stripe on the sides. It feeds on elm and 

 spindle-tree in June and July. 



FAMILY IV.— AGROTIDiE. 



Stout-bodied moths, of about the middle size, or a little over or under ; the thorax flat, broad, 

 and square, with the shoulders obtusely angulated ; thorax covered with smooth hair or scales, 

 and rarely with a slight crest, or raised in the middle. The antennae of the male are generally 

 simple, though sometimes slightly pectinated ; the tongue and legs are strong, and the hind-legs 

 are rather long ; the fore-wings vary in length, and are a little broader behind, with the tips nearly 

 rectangular, but generally truncated ; and the hind margin is slightly rounded above the hinder 

 angle. The scales are smooth, and the AW/«rt-pattern is more or less distinct ; the hind-wings 

 are broad, slightly contracted below the tip, and the abdomen is cylindrical or flattened, and 

 only extends a little beyond the anal angle. The sixteen-legged larvae are thick and naked, 

 with a small head, and often with dark angular or horse-shoe shaped markings. They hybernate 

 and undergo their transformations in the ground in spring, feed on grass and low plants, and 

 hide themselves during the day. They may be obtained in autumn by sweeping, and in spring by 

 searching among dry leaves and under stones. The moths appear in summer, and fold their 

 wings flat over each other when at rest. Most of them fly late in the evening, and may be taken 

 at sugar or flowers. 



GENUS I. — TRIPH^ENA (HUBN.). 



Large or middle-sized moths, with brownish fore-wings, generally with two large stigmata 

 surrounded with paler ; the claviform stigma absent, the transverse lines generally indistinct, 

 the subterminal line pale and slightly waved, the antennae of the male slightly ciliated, and the 

 thorax quite flat. Hind-wings yellow, with a black border. The moths appear from June to 

 August, and the larvae mostly feed on low plants. The moths are known as " Yellow Under- 

 wings." 



*i. T. Fimbria (Linn.), {Broad-bordered Yellow Underiving). — Fore-wings olive-green, varied 

 with whitish or violet-grey, the transverse lines not dentated, the inner line oblique and 

 indistinctly dusky, the elbowed line whitish and interrupted ; the abdomen and hind-wings 

 orange, the latter with a very broad black submarginal band. Expands from 2 to 2\ inches. 

 Inhabits Central and Southern Europe. The larva is yellowish-brown, with a pale line on the 

 back, brown transverse curves bordered with white behind, and a whitish stripe on the sides. 

 It lives on low plants, especially primroses, till May. The transformations are figured at 

 PI. 35, Fig. I, a—c. 



*2. T. lantliiiia (W. V.). — Fore-wings dark greenish-brown, varied with greyish-violet, 

 with no transverse lines ; hind-wings bright ochre-yellow, with the base and a broad sub- 

 marginal band black ; the head and collar are yellowish-white in front. Expands from 

 li to if inches. Common in Central and Southern Europe in July and August. The larva 



