192 European Butterflies and Moths. 



area comparatively narrow, and scarcely more than half as broad again in the middle as the 

 marginal area, the subterminal line edged in front with deep black on the costa ; hind-wings 

 brownish-grey; front of the collar pale. Expands from i\ to if inches. Common in a great 

 part of Europe from June to August. The larva is pale brown, chequered with darker above, with 

 three whitish lines on the back, between which are oblique blackish streaks, and a reddish-grey 

 stripe on the sides. It feeds on low plants till May. 



*l6. A. Ditrapezium (Borkh.). — Resembles Triangulum; the fore-wings are darker, violet- 

 brown, and the central area is twice as broad as the marginal area, the stigmata wider apart, and 

 the black spots in the discoidal cell are longer and straighter ; collar uniformly dark. Size of 

 Triaiigulmn. Widely distributed in Central Europe and the Altai in May and June, but rarely 

 common. The larva is violet-brown, with dark angular spots on the back, which are deep black, 

 and more spade-shaped on the nth and 1 2th segments ; the stripe on the sides is indistinct. It 

 lives on low plants till May. 



17. A. Saj-eptana (Herr.-Schaff.). — Ashy-grey, the costa and the two stigmata concolorous, the 

 latter surrounded with paler ; no black costal streaks, but the subcostal spaces black, the first small 

 and triangular, the second larger, and oval ; the transverse lines indistinctly paler ; hind-wings ashy 

 Occurs at Sarepta. 



*i8. A. C. nigrum (Linn.). — Fore-wings dark violet-brown, with a reddish-white triangular 

 orbicular stigma expanded towards the costa on a deep black ground, and the subterminal line 

 spotted with black in front below the costa ; hind-wings whitish, dusted with grey towards the 

 hind margin'; the front of the collar is pale grey. Expands from li to if inches. Common 

 throughout Central Europe and Northern Asia from May to August. The larva is marbled with 

 ashy-grey, darker on the back, with oblique black dashes, which become broader and darker on the 

 four last segments ; and a dirty yellow stripe on the sides. It lives on low plants till April, and 

 again in August. The moth is figured at PI. 36, Fig. 2. {A. Quadrangula, Eversm., from South 

 Russia, is dark brown, fore-wings tinged with grey, with waved transverse darker lines ; the two 

 stigmata are indistinct, and separated by a square dark brown spot ; hind-wings dark grey.) 



* 19. A. Carnica (Hering). — Fore-wings narrow, varied with reddish-grey and brown, with a 

 black basal streak, dark dentated transverse lines bordered with paler, and the discoidal cell 

 filled up with blackish near the two stigmata ; the orbicular stigma is oblique, and filled up with 

 pale red, the reniform stigma is brownish-red, the subterminal line is indistinct, and marked witli 

 more or less distinct arrow-headed spots ; the hind-wings are reddish-grey, and the antennie 

 of the male are pectinated. Expands about i^ inches. It inhabits the Carinthian Alps and 

 some of the mountains of Scotland. {A. Hyperborca, Zett., is very like Carnica, but the fore- 

 wings are broader ; violet-grey, and a little varied with rusty-red ; the orbicular stigma is filled up 

 with pale grey, and the hind-wings are uniform grey. It is found in larch woods in Lapland, 

 and in the mountains of Norway, Silesia, and the Eastern Alps.) 



20. A. Colliiia (Boisd.). — Fore-wings purplish-brown, with a black basal streak, and dentated 

 black transverse lines ; the orbicular stigma is oblique, and open in front, and the reniform 

 stigma stands on a deep black pyramid ; the claviform stigma is also surrounded with black. 

 The subterminal line is zigzag, and the hind-wings are grey. Expands nearly \\ inches. 

 It is found in the Alps and in the mountains of Silesia in July. 



21. A. Sigma (W. V.). — Fore-wings dark ochreous-brown, reddish-ochreous on the costa, with 

 double dentated transverse lines filled up with paler, the stigmata bordered with black on the 

 sides, and a small square black mark between them ; the claviform stigma small ; hind-wings 

 brownish-grey; and the collar light. Expands fioni i^ to I^ inches. Widely distributed in 



