2o6 European Butterflies and JMotiis. 



with white inside. The orbicular stigma is narrow, and produced horizontally, and only separated 

 from the reniform stigma by two little black spots ; the claviform stigma is dark brown, and 

 bordered with black ; the subterminal line is white and waved, and a row of black arrow-headed 

 spots stands upon it. There are two little black dashes at the base ; hind-wings white, antennae 

 pectinated. Expands \\ inches. It is found in the south of France in autumn, and the larva 

 lives on the roots of plants, and sometimes injures the vines. {A. Grasliiiii, Ramb., which 

 inhabits the coast of La Vendee in September, has rather narrow yellowish-grey fore-wings, 

 varied with ashy-white at the tip, costa, and in the cell. The elbowed line is often replaced by 

 dots, and marked with arrow-headed spots, and the inner line is obliterated. The reniform 

 stigma is dark grey, with the inner edge white ; the orbicular stigma is small and white, pupilled 

 with grey, and separated from the reniform stigma by a brown shade ; the claviform stigma is 

 brown and oblong, and the subterminal line is composed of well-marked black lunules ; hind- 

 wings dull white. Expands about if inches. A. Trifiirca, Eversm., from the Ural and Altai, 

 is greyish, with a dark-brown stripe in front of the thorax ; fore-wings, with the costa, hind 

 margin, and part of the disc, brown, with black transverse lines and submarginal lunules ; the 

 stigmata are bordered with black, the orbicular and reniform stigmata are very long, and the latter 

 is crescent-shaped ; hind-wings white, with brownish hind margins.) 



GENUS V. — BRITHYS (HUBN.). 



Antennse short, very slightly pubescent; palpi straight, slender, the last joint indistinct; 

 tongue rudimentary ; thorax convex, and clothed with depressed hair. Abdomen stout, cylin- 

 drical in the male, and slightly flattened in the female ; fore-wings rounded at the tips. The 

 larvie are smooth and cylindrical, with a small round head, and small shining raised spots. The 

 pupa is constructed in the ground, and protected by an earthen cocoon. 



I. B. Paiicratii (Cyr.). — Fore-wings dark brown ; the hind margin greyish, bordered within 

 with reddish. Transverse lines black and dentated, and the lower part of the reniform stigma 

 bordered with pale yellow; hind-wings pure white in the male; in the female, the costa and 

 hind margin are dark brown ; thorax blackish ; abdomen whitish, with the tip brown. E.\pands 

 \\ inches. It inhabits South Europe and North Africa in May, and the larva lives in June in 

 the leaves, bulbs, and stalks of Pancratium viaritiuiuin. {B. Encaitstiis, Hiibn., from Sicil}', is 

 paler, with the hind margin sharply whitish, and the reniform stigma surrounded with reddish.) 



FAMILY v.— HADENID^. 



Stout-bodied moths, generally about the middle size ; the thorax convex, broad, and quad- 

 rangular, with the shoulders obtusely angulated, and usually with a strong crest before and 

 behind ; when the crest forms a longitudinal ridge, it expands and is raised behind. The 

 antennas of the male are often pectinated or serrated ; the tongue is nearly always strong ; the 

 legs are strong, the hind pair long, and the tibijE seldom spurred. The fore-wings are consider- 

 ably broader behind, and the hind margin is either oblique or truncated, and rounded towards 

 the hinder angle. The Noctiia--^2X\.QX\\ is usually distinct ; the fringes are generally much 

 waved, and only occasionally entire. They are slightly intersected by the e.xtremities of the 

 nervures, which are seldom spotted with dusky. The hind-wings are broad, and generally some- 

 what contracted below the tips. The abdomen is nearly alwa}-s convex, with a distinct crest 



