2o8 European Butterflies axd Moths. 



yellow stripe on the sides, broadly bordered above with brownish-red ; head brownish-yellow. 

 It feeds on the flowers of the golden rod and hawkwecd in autumn, but hybcrnates before 

 the first moult, and feeds on trefoil in spring. 



*4. A. Hcrbida (\V. V.).- — Fore-wings varied with green and brown, with no basal streak; 

 the reniform and orbicular stigmata are filled up with brownish ; the former is the largest, and 

 there is a large white spot beyond it ; the subterminal line is zigzag, and marked with black 

 arrow-heads ; the fringes are waved, and spotted with dusky at the ends of the nervures ; the 

 hind-wings arc brownish-grey. Expands from if to 2 inches. Common in Central Europe 

 and Northern Asia in June and July. The larva is pale grey, with three light lines on the 

 back, and large connected dark-brown spade-shaped spots between them. It feeds on primroses 

 and other low plants from autumn to May, and may be taken in abundance by sweeping. 



GENUS II. — AMMOCONIA (LED.). 



Middle-sized moths, the fore-wings pale grey, with the markings very ill-defined ; the 

 orbicular and reniform stigmata large and rather lighter ; the transverse lines double and slightly 

 dentated, the inner line with a black dash in the position of the claviforni stigma ; the subter- 

 minal line zigzag, bordered with darker in front ; the hind margin marked with small black 

 dots, and the fringes waved ; the hind-wings are whitish, dusted with darker on the nervures 

 and at the hind margin ; and the abdomen extends for one-third of its length beyond the 

 hind-wings. The larvae are naked, with sixteen legs, and hybernate, and the moths come 

 to sugar. 



1. A. Cacimaaila (\V. V.). — Fore-wings rather broad, pale reddish-grey, with a deep black 

 dash in the middle of the inner line ; hind-wings dirty white. Expands about if inches. 

 Widely distributed in Central Europe, except the north-west, and in the Altai in August and 

 September, but always scarce. The larva is greenish-brown, with the back darker, and marked 

 with three brown longitudinal lines, and there is also a greyish-white stripe on the sides. It 

 feeds on low plants till June, and forms its pupa in the ground. 



2. A. Vetula (Boisd.). — Very like the last species, but the fore-wings are narrower, and 

 ashy-grey, only slightly varied with yellowish in the position of the claviform stigma and of 

 the suffused submarginal band ; the dark streak on the inner line is less conspicuous, and the 

 hind-wings are of a purer white. Inhabits South F'rance and the Tyrol. 



GENUS III. — APAMEA (TR.). 



Rather small moths, the head somewhat depressed, the palpi small, and the antennae of the 

 male dentated and ciliated ; the fore-wings brownish or yellowish, with indistinct markings, 

 the transverse lines more or less blackish on the sides opposite to each other, the elbowed line 

 slightly dentated, the orbicular and reniform stigmata small and rather lighter, with the centres 

 dark ; the claviform stigma small, or scarcely indicated ; the subterminal line curved, but not 

 zigzag, and composed of indistinct light spots ; the fringes are waved, and intersected with 

 paler on the nervures ; the hind-wings are small and white, and considerably shorter than the 

 abdomen. The larvce are thick and cylindrical. They hybernate, and form their pups in the 

 ground, and the moths may be found resting on palings, &c., in August and September. 



* I. A. Testacca (W. V.). — Fore-wings pale brownish, darker in the central area and beyond 

 the subterminal line ; the stigmata rather indistinct, and the fringes of the hind-wings unspotted. 



