2i6 European Butterflies and Moths. 



subterminal line light, forming a distinct W ; the stigmata of average size. A pale streak 

 (rarely indistinct) runs from the orbicular stigma close to the claviform stigma as far as 

 the elbowed line ; the hind-wings are marked with a pale stripe before the hind-margin. The 

 larvae feed on oak by day in May and June, and change to pupae in the ground. The moths 

 appear in August and September (or October and November in the south), and come freely to 

 sugar. They expand about \\ inches or a little more. 



* I. D. Protea (y<J.Y.). — Fore-wings brownish-grey, varied with green and rust-colour; the 

 orbicular stigma and the dash below are generally pale grey, and the hind-wings are brownish- 

 grey. Common in Central and Western Europe. The larva is grey, with pale yellow lines on the 

 back and sides. 



2. D. Monochroma (Esp.). — Very like Protea, but the fore-wings are brownish-grey, unmixed 

 with green, and the suffused submarginal band is pale grey ; hind-wings dusted with brownish 

 towards the hind margin. Inhabits South Europe and Austria. The larva is pale green, with 

 a yellow stripe on the sides. 



3. D. SaporicB (Dup.). — Fore-wings reddish-brown, the central and marginal areas brownish- 

 black. Transverse lines paler than the ground-colour, the inner line festooned, and the elbowed 

 line dentated, rounded above, and running in a nearly straight line from the median nervure 

 to the inner margin, where it approaches the other ; the subterminal line is waved, lighter 

 towards the tip, and forms a small W in the middle. Stigmata brown, bordered with pale 

 grey ; the orbicular stigma stands on an oblique pale band of the same breadth as itself 

 running from the costa, and terminating in two teeth, one of which rests on a thick black 

 horizontal dash, connecting the inner and elbowed lines. Fringes dotted with grey. Hind-wings 

 greyish-white, with the nervures, hind-margin, and a central spot and curved line blackish- 

 Common in France and Italy. The larva, which feeds on the evergreen oak, is green when 

 young, and grey when full-grown. 



4. D. Roboris (Boisd.). — Fore-wings light moss-green, varied with brownish, and whitish in 

 the marginal area, darker above the hinder angle ; the orbicular stigma pale, and the reniform 

 stigma flesh-colour ; hind-wings light brownish-grey. Common in Southern Europe, as far 

 north as Hungary. The larva is reddish-grey, with a pale line and dark curved transverse 

 lines on the back ; the sides are marked with two longitudinal lines, the upper one dusky and 

 the lower one brown. 



5. D. Ftirva (Esp.). — Fore-wings dark shining brown, varied with reddish, with the transverse 

 lines and half-line blackish and double, but rather indistinct ; the subterminal line is slender, 

 fulvous, and dentated, but without forming a W ; it is bordered by small black spots. The 

 reniform stigma is chamois-coloured, the orbicular stigma is concolorous and often indistinct, 

 and the claviform stigma is blackish. Fringes brown, slightly festooned, and dotted with yellowish. 

 Hind-wings dull grey, with an indistinct transverse line. Common in South Europe. The larva 

 lives on different kinds of oak, especially the flowers of the evergreen oak, and forms a hard 

 cocoon of earth and silk in the ground, where it remains for three months before becoming 

 a pupa. 



GENUS XIX. — THECOPHORA (LED.). 



Fore-wings with an oblique, moderately curved hind margin passing into the inner margin ; 

 the Noctua--^zXX.&xVi complete ; the transverse lines double and slightly dentated, the subterminal 

 line indistinct and scarcely zigzag ; the fringes strongly waved ; the hind-wings short and 

 narrow, not contracted below the middle, smaller in the male, and with a seam in the centre ; 



