2 34 European Butterflies and Moths. 



yellowish fringes. Expands from I^ to if inches. Occurs in Central Europe and Northern 

 Asia in June and July. The larva is shining grey, with three yellow lines on the back, and 

 the head, and plates on the 2nd and last segments brown. It feeds on grass till April. 



23. H. Fiincrca (V. Hein.). — Fore-wings varied with dark coppery-brown and blackish, with 

 two black basal streaks, and fine black inconspicuous markings ; the transverse lines double, 

 and slightly dentated ; the nervures narrowly black ; the orbicular stigma very long and oblique, 

 narrowly bordered with black ; the" reniform stigma grey, narrowly edged witli white above 

 and below, and bordered behind with yellowish ; the subterminal line suffused, reddish, with a 

 slight W, and with long blackish arrow-heads in front ; hind-wings dark grey. Expands about 

 \\ inches. A rare species, found near Hanover in June. The larva, which resembles that of 

 Riirca, feeds on grass till spring. 



* 24. H. Rtirca (Fabr.). — Fore-wings light yellowish-grey, whitish on the inner margin, 

 reddish-brown at the base of the inner margin, on the costa to beyond the middle, and on 

 the hind margin, so that the colour of the inner margin projects strongly and sharply towards 

 the base and hinder angle, and in the middle, and the paler ground-colour between is rounded 

 towards the hind margin ; the two stigmata are brown, surrounded with whitish ; the orbicular 

 stigma is long and oblique, and the nervures in the marginal area are marked with brown 

 and white dots ; otherwise all the markings are very indistinct ; hind-wings dark grey, with 

 ochreous fringes. The variety Alopecurus (Esp.) has dark reddish-brown or blackish-brown fore- 

 wings, upon which only the two yellowish-bordered stigmata are visible. Expands about li inches. 

 Common in Central and Northern Europe and Northern Asia in June and July. The larva 

 is shining brown, with raised black spots, a whitish line on the back, and two reddish lines 

 below it ; on the sides is a pale brown stripe. It feeds on grass till May. 



* 25. H. Scolopacina (Esp.). — Fore-wings dull olive-grey, varied with brown below the costa 

 to bejond the middle, with a blackish spot at the base of the inner margin, the transverse 

 lines single, the elbowed line dentated, with black dots at the ends of the teeth, the 

 reniform stigma more or less white, especially on the hinder edge ; the subterminal line 

 indistinct, curved, and broadly bordered with rusty-brown on both sides ; hind-wings yellowish- 

 grey, with paler fringes. Expands from \\ to \\ inches. Occurs in Central Europe and 

 the Altai in July and August, but is rarer than most of the foregoing species. The larva 

 is brownish-grey, with three yellowish lines on the back, and the belly yellowish ; head 

 brownish-yellow. It feeds on grass in May and June. (//. Icterias, Eversm., from the South 

 Ural, has ochreous fore-wings, varied with brown on the costa, with a brown mark on the 

 hind margin below the tip, the reniform stigma white, marked with brown inside, and surrounded 

 with brown outside, and the subterminal line spotted with brown ; hind-wings yellowish.) 



* 26. H. Pabulatriada (Brahm), Connexa (Borkh.). — Fore -wings greyish-white, the central 

 area broadly brown between the transverse lines on the inner margin, and on the costa, between 

 the stigmata ; two black longitudinal streaks in the basal area, the inner line double, and strongly 

 curved above the inner margin ; the elbowed line single and dentated ; the subterminal line 

 indistinct, with a sharply-formed W, the two stigmata whitish, and the reniform stigma not 

 distinctly bounded ; hind-wings greyish-brown, with whitish fringes. Expands about li inches. 

 A rather scarce species, found in the northern half of Central Europe in June and July. 

 The larva is blackish, lighter above, with a pale line on the back ; it feeds on grass in April. 



*27. H. Ocliroleuca (W. V.). — Fore-wings yellowish-brown, clouded with darker in the 

 central area, with white dentated transverse lines which touch below the middle, and a pale 

 submarginal line, suffused towards the hind margin ; the two stigmata indistinct, the reniform 



