240 European Butterflies and Moths. 



apple-green fore-wings, with a brown central transverse band, with a branch projecting on each 

 side in the middle, a small brown dot beyond, and the hind margin irregularly brown ; fringes 

 brown ; hind-wings brownish-grey. Expands from i^ to if inches. A rare species, inhabiting 

 the east and north of Europe, in August and September, as far west as Sweden and Eastern 

 Germany ; also found in Northern Asia. 



GENUS XXXIV. — RHIZOGRAMMA (LED.). 



Fore-wings with an oblique moderately curved hind margin, and the hinder angle 

 distinct ; the A^fcVwrt-pattern is scarcely indicated, and the hind-wings are small, and do 

 not extend so far as the middle of the abdomen. The only species, R. Detcrsa, Esp. 

 {Petroriza, Borkh.), has pale grey fore-wings, with a black basal streak, and black longitudinal 

 dashes before the hind margin, especially above the middle, and the anal angle ; the two 

 stigmata connected below, a little lighter, and narrowly surrounded with black ; all the 

 transverse lines quite indistinct. Hind-wings bluish-white, with the nervures and hind margin 

 brown. Expands from if to 2 inches. Common in Southern and South-Central Europe 

 in July and August. The larva is clay-colour, streaked with darker, with three dull lines 

 on the back, and a dark brown stripe on the sides. It feeds on barberry in May. The moth 

 is figured at PI. 38, Fig. 9. 



GENUS XXXV. — CLOANTHA (BOISD.). 



Rather small moths ; the fore-wings short, with the hinder angle distinct ; the transverse 

 lines absent, and the subterminal line faintly indicated or incomplete ; the orbicular stigma 

 is absent in the two first species. The larvae are thick, and feed on St. John's wort in July 

 and August ; and the moths, which appear in May and June, are found flying over flowers 

 in the day-time. 



* \. C. Polyodon (Clerck), Pcrspicillaris (Linn.). — Fore-wings olive-brown, varied with pale 

 ochreous and reddish-violet, with a slender black basal streak, and a large crescent-shaped 

 reniform stigma, surrounded with paler ; the marginal area with long sharp whitish teeth 

 below the tip, and two similar ones below the middle, intersecting the strongly waved 

 fringes ; and with black triangular spots between ; hind-wings dirty white, with a broad dark 

 marginal band. Expands from i^ to \\ inches. Widely distributed in Europe and Northern 

 Asia, but a great rarity in England. The larva is cherry-colour, with three light lines on the 

 back, and small blackish oblique streaks between ; and a broad yellow stripe on the sides. 



2. C. Radiosa (Esp.). — Fore-wings olive-green, varied with whitish in the marginal area, 

 where there are two long and sharp teeth projecting into the slightly waved fringes. There 

 are black triangles on the hind margin, and the fringes are sharply intersected with white. 

 Hind-wings whitish, with a large black central lunule, and a black marginal band, broader 

 than in Polyodon. Expands about l inch. Inhabits the southern half of Central Europe, 

 but much scarcer than the last species. The larva is reddish-brown, with three dull dark 

 lines on the back, and a pale yellow stripe on the sides, suffused with reddish, and spotted 

 with black above. 



3. C. Hypericl (W. V.). — Fore-wings pale grey, varied with brown, with a long black 

 basal streak edged above with a yellowish one ; the subterminal line faintly indicated, bordered 

 with brownish behind, and crossed by longitudinal black streaks ; the two stigmata are 

 bordered with black ; the fringes are slightly waved, and spotted with dusky, and the 



