242 European Butterflies and Moths. 



GENUS I. — XYLINA (TR.). 



Middle-sized moths ; the fore-wings with the hind margin strongly rounded in the middle, 

 and consequently more oblique above the hinder angle, a black basal streak bordered in front 

 with pale as far as the hind margin, and a pale subterminal line, strongly zigzag, especially in 

 the middle ; the orbicular and reniform stigmata are large and broad, or indistinct, and the 

 trans\-erse lines are often undistinguishable. The hind-wings are brownish-grey, generally lighter 

 towards the base ; the palpi are almost drooping ; and the abdomen is strongly crested, with a 

 particularly prominent crest, truncated above, on the 4th segment ; or is not crested, with loose 

 erect hair in front only. The larvae feed on trees from May to the beginning of July, and are 

 mostly active in the day-time. The moths appear from August to October, and slope their wings 

 slightly when at rest. The females hybernate, and do not lay their eggs till spring. 



* I. X. Socia (Hufn.), Petrificata (VV. V.). — Fore-wings pale yellowish-brown along the costa 

 and inner margin, shading slightly into grey, or dark grey between, with indistinct dentated 

 transverse lines, and a more suffused subterminal line, with long teeth, and spotted with rusty- 

 brown in front ; the orbicular and reniform stigmata are pale yellowish, not distinctly bordered ; 

 the first oblique, and the latter with a dark brown streak below ; the abdomen with two narrow 

 crests on segments 3 and 4. Expands from li to if inches. The larva is green, marbled with 

 whitish, with a very distinct white stripe on the sides. It feeds on lime, elm, &c. 



*2. X. Scmibyuniica (Haw.). — Resembles Socia, but the fore-wings are narrower, brownish- 

 yellow on the costa, and dark reddish-brown on the entire inner marginal half; above the 

 outer portion of the inner margin is an eye-like blackish shade, bordered with paler ; all 

 the transverse lines are indistinct, and the stigmata are only indicated by light spaces ; the 

 abdomen has prominent black crests on the 4th and following segments, which diminish in 

 size behind. Expands from li to if inches. Inhabits Southern and Western Europe. The 

 larva feeds on oak, and forms a solid cocoon in the ground, composed of grains of earth, and 

 brown silk. 



* 3. X. Furcifera (Hufn.), Conformis (W. V.). — Fore-wings dark violet-grey, varied with 

 brownish, with indistinct double transverse lines, which are slightly dentated, and a suffused sub- 

 terminal line, shortly zigzag, and bordered in front with rusty-brown ; the three stigmata distinct, 

 the reniform stigma very large and broad, and constricted in the middle, varied with rusty-red 

 inside, and broadly bordered with black below; the claviform stigma with a deep black streak 

 behind ; the abdomen with a strong crest on the 4th segment, and the under side suffused with 

 reddish. Expands from if to 2 inches. Inhabits Northern and Central Europe and the Altai ; 

 a great rarity in England. The larva is grey, varied with brownish, with three light lines on 

 the back, and a grey stripe on the sides, spotted with black above. It feeds on oak and alder, 

 hiding itself in the crevices of the bark during the day. 



4. X. Ingrica (Herr.-Schaff.). — Resembles Furcifera, but the fore-wings are narrower, pale 

 grey, the basal area darker, all the transverse lines more distinct, the reniform stigma smaller 

 and rounder, with the centre brownish, the streak running from the claviform stigma shorter, and 

 the under side not suffused with reddish. Expands about if inches. Inhabits Northern and 

 Eastern Europe and the Alps, but is a scarce insect. 



* 5. X. Zinckenii (Tr.).- — Fore-wings light bluish-grey, varied with darker, a black basal streak 

 filled up with whitish, and curved forwards towards its extremity, a black streak shaded with dusky 

 above in the position of the claviform stigma, and extending to the elbowed line ; and the two 

 upper stigmata bordered below with deep black, the transverse lines indistinct, and the subterminal 



