246 European Butterflies and Moths. 



red ; the stigmata are replaced by two small whitish dots, and the transverse lines are barely 

 indicated by some small black dots. Hind-wings whitish, with the nervures and hind margin 

 dark grey. Expands about \\ inches. Found throughout South Europe and Northern and 

 Western Asia. It is double-brooded, and is met with from May to August, flying over 

 flowers in the evening. The larva is green, with yellowish-white stripes on the back and sides. 

 It feeds on Scabiosa Icucantha in May and June, and again in August, hiding itself at the 

 roots of the plants during the day. It constructs a thick egg-shaped parchment-like cocoon, 

 in which it changes to a rather long and slender pupa. 



GENUS IV. — CALOPHASIA (STEPH.). 



Rather small moths ; the antenna: of the male densely ciliated, the fore-wings grey or white, 

 with the stigmata small or absent, and the other markings mostly indistinct ; hind-wings 

 small. The larvse are marked with yellow lines and many dark spots, and live on toadflax 

 and larkspur ; they undergo their transformations in a firm cocoon. The moths fly over 

 flowers in the day-time. 



1. C. Casta (Borkh.), Opalina (Esp.). — Fore-wings milk-white, varied with violet-grey in 

 the central and marginal areas; the hind margin edged with reddish-brown, the subterminal line 

 white, interrupted, shortly zigzag in the middle, and spotted with black behind. The fringes 

 are spotted with black and white ; hind-wings white, with the hind margin reddish-grey. 

 Expands about i inch. Common in the south of Europe in May and June, in August and 

 September. The larva is yellowish-white, with three yellow lines on the back, and dark brown 

 spots. 



2. C. Platyptera (Esp.). — Fore-wings ashy-grey, with a brownish shade running from the 

 middle of the inner margin to the tip, and slender black nervures and intermediate black 

 streaks in the marginal area, which are intersected by the pale suffused submarginal line. 

 The transverse lines and stigmata are absent ; hind-wings brownish, paler towards the base. 

 Expands from i to i-^- inches. It inhabits Southern Europe in June, and the larva resembles 

 that of Ltinida. A very dark variety, Olbiena (Dup.), was once taken at Hyeres in April. 

 (C Hamifera, Stand., from Castile, differs from Platyptera in having three black and three 

 ashy-grey rings on the prothorax, and a black hook-shaped mark at the hinder angle of the 

 fore-wings. It flies over flowers in the evening in June, and the larva feeds on Linaria nivea. 

 C. Almoravida, Grasl., from Andalusia, is a little smaller, with nearly unicolorous wings. 

 There is a pinkish-grey basal stripe, bordered by slender black lines, and there are longer 

 uninterrupted black lines towards the extremities of the wings. The larva feeds in spring, 

 and the moth appears in the summer of the following year. C. Freyeri, Friv., from Turkey 

 and Armenia, has bluish-grey fore-wings, with the base, transverse lines, and central shade 

 white, and marginal black spots ; hind-wings blackish, with the hind margin and a central 

 stripe paler.) 



3. C. Lujiula (Hufn.), Linarice (W. V.). ^Fore-wings rusty-brown, varied with pale grey 

 in the basal and marginal areas ; the inner line double, the lower part of the elbowed line 

 forming a large arch as far as the middle, from whence it is continued in a series of black 

 dashes to the tip ; the two stigmata distinctly white, and the fringes broadly intersected 

 with white. Hind-wings brown; dirty white towards the base, with brown nervures. Expands 

 from I to i^ inches. Inhabits many parts of Central Europe in May and July, but doubt- 

 fully British. The larva is pearly-white, with yellow longitudinal lines, black transverse spots 



