270 European Butterflies and Moths. 



brown or ashj^grey, resembling bark, with a yellowish prominence on segment 8, and two 

 points on the last segment but one, and with brownish-red spots beneath on segments 7 

 to II. It feeds on oak. The moth and larva are figured at PI. 41, Fig. 5, a, b. 



5. C. Dilecta (Hiibn.). — Resembles Spoitsa, but larger. Expands from 2\ to 3 inches ; 

 fore-wings darker, and more uniformly greyish-brown, not conspicuously varied with yellow or 

 white ; the reniform stigma dusted with pale grey, with no pale spot before it, and the central 

 band of the hind-wings continued to the inner margin. Inhabits South Europe and North 

 Africa. The larva is grey, varied with greenish, with a dark double line on the back, and 

 a yellowish prominence broadly shaded with dusky on both sides on segment 9. It feeds 

 on oak. 



* 6. C. Promissa (W. V.). — Fore-wings ashy-grey, varied with brown, with the elbowed line 

 irregularly zigzag ; hind-wings crimson, with a black unspotted border and a black slightly 

 waved central band. Expands from 2 to 2\ inches. Inhabits Central and Southern Europe. 

 The larva differs from that of Sponsa by having a dark spot on the lower part of each 

 segment. It feeds on oak. 



7. C. Conjuncta (W. V.). — Fore-wings dark brown, with the transverse lines black and well 

 marked, the inner line followed by a greyish band, more or less dark and suffused externally, 

 the elbowed line forming a W beyond the cell, and ending on the costa in an indistinct white 

 subterminal spot ; it is dentated, and the angles are pale grey inside, thus forming a row of 

 triangular spots, whiter towards the costa. The reniform stigma is bordered with black, and 

 there is another round spot below. At the base is a short thick black dash. Hind-wings 

 dark rosy or crimson, with the central band narrow, curved, and only slightly waved, and 

 extending nearly to the inner margin ; the black border is broad on the costa and narrow at 

 the anal angle. Fringes of the hind-wings white at the tip; otherwise greyish, and divided 

 by a blackish line. Inhabits the shores of the Mediterranean. The larva feeds on oak. 



8. C. Electa (Burkh.). — -Fore-wings ashy-grey, slightly varied with brownish, with the 

 elbowed line single, sharply defined, and strongly zigzag ; it projects two long pointed teeth 

 above the middle towards the hind margin, and is connected below the middle with the 

 extremity of the spot below the reniform stigma ; hind-wings crimson, but banded as in 

 Nupta. Expands from 2\ to 3^ inches. Inhabits South-Central Europe and Northern and 

 Western Asia. The larva is pale ochre-yellow, with a dark brown projection on the 9th 

 segment and a bifid projection on the last but one; it feeds on willow. The moth is figured 

 at PI. 40, Fig. 6. {C. Optata, Godt., from South France and Spain, and C. Liipina, Herr.- 

 Schaff, from South Russia, Armenia, and the Altai, much resemble Electa, but have a thick 

 black basal streak on the fore-wings, and the border of the hind-wings is continuous in 

 Optata, but interrupted in Liipina. The larva of Optata feeds on willow.) 



9. C. Pacta (Linn.). — Fore-wings ashy-grey, with the elbowed line slightly and moderately 

 dentated ; hind-wings pale crimson, with the border not spotted and the central band slightly 

 curved ; abdomen crimson. Inhabits Eastern Europe and North Germany, and also occurs in 

 the Altai. The larva is reddish-grey, marbled with darker, with K-shaped spots on the back, 

 a blackish projection on the 9th segment, and two contiguous points on the last segment 

 but one. It feeds on willow. 



10. C. Piierpcra (Giorna). — Fore-wings grey, dusted with brown, with the elbowed line 

 nearly evenly zigzag ; hind-wings pale crimson, with a black central and incomplete marginal 

 band, and red at the tip. Expands from 2^ to 2i inches. Inhabits South Europe and 

 Northern and Western Asia. The larva feeds on willows growing by the side of streams. 



