Zerene — Abraxas. 3 1 3 



1. T. Trimaailafa (Vill.), Pcrmutaria (Hiibn.). — Wings straw-colour, with a slight greenish ■ 

 shade, and finely dusted with darker ; fore-wings with three rusty-brown costal spots, from 

 the two first of which run fine brown transverse lines; hind-wings with one line. Expands 

 about I inch. Inhabits South Europe and the Amoor from April to August. The larva 

 is green, shading into violet below, with an irregular red stripe on the back. It feeds 

 on the white poplar in June and September, forming its pupa between a roUed-up leaf, or 

 in the crevices of the bark. 



2. T. Dilectaria (Borkh.). — Wings pale yellow, transversely speckled with brown ; the 

 nervures and two transverse lines (one only of which is continued on the hind-wings) rusty- 

 brown ; the second line is arched and angulated below the costa ; beyond it runs another 

 leaden-grey stripe, which is widened into spots, e.xtending to the hind margin at the hinder 

 angle, and above the middle. E.xpands about l| inches. It is found in Austria and 

 Hungary in June. 



3. T. Cararia (Hiibn.). — Wings pale yellow, thickly speckled with rusty-brown, with brown 

 central lunules, a row of dots beyond the middle, and beyond this a brown transverse line, 

 consisting of two large curves, which sends off a longitudinal line to the hind margin above the 

 middle, and above the hinder angle of the fore-wings. Expands about i inch. Local in 

 Central Europe in July. (7". Dabiiataria, Guen., from South Russia, resembles Permntaria ; it 

 is very pale ochreous, with ashy-grey markings, the marginal line slightly interrupted, and the 

 second forming ill-defined angles; fore-wings longer than in Pcrmutaria, with a grey sub- 

 marginal line.) 



GENUS XXXV. — ZERENE (TR.). 



Distinguished from Abraxas by the thicker tongue, the larger and ascending palpi, and 

 by the difference in pattern. The larva is slender, with a smooth head. The only species, 

 *Z. Adustata (W. V.), has white wings, the base of the fore-wings brown, varied with violet-black, 

 and a broad dark brown band behind the middle, varied with rusty-yellow and violet-grey, which 

 projects in four sharply rounded curves in the middle ; hind-wings with indistinct pale brownish 

 transverse lines. Expands i inch or more. Common in Europe and Western Asia from May 

 to July. The larva is green, with small brown spots on the back ringed with white, and flesh- 

 coloured spots edged with brown on the 6th and 7th segments. It feeds on spindle-tree in 

 August and September. 



GENUS XXXVI. — ABRAXAS (LEACH). 



Wings white, with transverse rows of round dark spots, sometimes coalescing into a broad 

 band on the costa and hind margin ; the costa of the fore-wings slightly arched, the hind 

 margin rather oblique, and the costa of the hind-wings a little longer than the inner margin ; 

 the hind margin is more or less brown, especially on the fore-wings. The larva; are slender 

 and cylindrical, with a smooth round head ; they feed on trees. 



*i. A. Sylvata (Scop.), Ulniata (Fabr.). — All the wings white, with round violet-grey spots 

 arranged in rows, and a large rusty-brown blotch marked with silvery-blue beyond the middle 

 of the inner margins. Expands about if inches. Common in Central Europe, and Northern 

 and Western Asia, in June and July, though rather local. The larva is bluish-white, yellowish 

 on the back, and marked with a black line and rows of black dots. It feeds on elm and bird- 

 cherry in August and September. The moth is figured at PI. 45, Fig. 3. 



2. A. Pantaria (Linn.). — Resembles Sylvata, but the spots are fewer and smaller, only 

 47 



