330 European Butteki'Lies and Moths. 



D. — The mitmna: of the male serrated and strongly ciliated. 



22. B. Seleiiaria (W. V.). — Wings whitish, varied \\ith pale rusty-brown, finely and thinly 

 dusted with black, with a large white central lunule surrounded with black, and the second line 

 slender, black, and strongly dentated. Expands about 2 inches. Inhabits Southern and South- 

 Central Europe, and Northern and Western Asia, in July. The larva is dark brown, spotted 

 with black on the back, with reddish and yellow longitudinal lines. It feeds on wormwood and 

 other low plants. 



GENUS L. — TEPHRONI.V (HUBN.). 



Small moths, the fore-wings narrow, pale grey, and dusted with darker, with two waved and 

 sharply-defined black transverse lines, sometimes broken into spots ; the hind-wings are paler, 

 and the antennae of the male are pectinated. The larvre are short, soft, and rather flattened 

 before and behind. They feed on lichens in June, undergo their transformations in a cocoon, 

 and the moths appear in July and August. 



*i. T. Sepiaria (Hufn.), Cineraria (W. V.). — Wings ashy-grey, the fore-wings finely dusted 

 with darker, with two slender black slightly dentated transverse lines, and a suffused dark 

 central shade ; the hind margin is marked with black streaks between the nerv'ures. Expands 

 about I inch. Inhabits Central and Southern Europe ; very rare in Britain. The larva is 

 brownish ashy-grey, with a paler line, and two rows of pale spots on the back. The moth is 

 figured at PI. 50, Fig. 6. 



2. T. Cremiaria (Freyer). — Resembles Sepiaria, but the hind margin is without markings, 

 the fore-wings are whiter, with a more distinct central shade, and the hind-wings are slightly 

 dusted with darker. Inhabits France and the Tyrol. The larva is greenish, with two blue 

 lines on the back, and yellowish raised spots. {T. Fingalata, Mill., found in South France 

 in July, is deep rust-colour in the male, and dark grey in the female ; fore-wings with 

 three black lines, the middle one obsolete in the male, except towards the costa ; central 

 spot large, black, and extending to the costa. Hind-wings with one blackish transverse line, 

 bordered with whitish on the outside.) 



GENUS LI. — PACHYCNEMIA (STKPH.). 



The only species, *P. Hippocastanaria (Hiibn.), has greyish fore-wings varied with reddish- 

 brown, v.ith two blackish transverse lines bordered with lighter, the first sharply angulated, and 

 the second dentated, and a black central spot ; the hind-wings are pale grey. The antennzE 

 of the male are not dentated. Expands from i to i{ inches. Inhabits Western and Central 

 Europe in April and May, but local. The larva is slender and attenuated in front ; it is brown 

 or grey, chequered with white, producing dusky lozenge-shaped spots on the back. It feeds on 

 heath from July to September, and undergoes its transformations in the ground. The moth is 

 figured at PI. 50, Fig. 7. 



GENUS LII. — BISTON (LEACH). 



Thick-bodied moths, large or small, the fore-wings with the hind margin long and 

 oblique ; white or grey, dusted with darker, with two dark transverse lines, which are broken or 

 waved ; hind-wings slenderer, paler, and more unicolorous ; the antennae of the male pectinated 

 and ciliated. The larvae are rather long, with hard skins and warts ; the head is heart-shaped ; 

 and they undergo their transformations in the ground. The moths appear in spring, and rest 

 with sloping wings. The hind tibi;e have onlj- terminal spurs, except in Pilosaria, in which 



