380 European Butterflies axd Moths. 



The larva is green, witli tliree dark lines on the back, and a whitish line on the sides, or 

 brownish, with dark oblique dashes crossing on the back. It feeds on willow-herb in July and 

 autumn. 



*6o. L. Tristata (Linn.). — Wings brownish-black, with a black central spot, and a white 

 band towards the base and beyond the middle, dotted with black on the nervures ; the white 

 zigzag subterminal line stands on the dark border, and the central area of the fore-wings 

 is dusted with grey, and intersected by black lines, and projects in the middle ; hind-wings 

 whitish at the base, with blackish transverse stripes, and the hind margin distinctly waved. 

 Expands about i inch. Common in Europe and Armenia from April to July. The lai-va 

 is yellow, with several reddish-brown longitudinal lines. It feeds on bedstraw in June, August, 

 and September. The moth is figured at PI. 48, Fig. 7. 



61. L. Luctitata (Hiibn.). — Wings black, with a white band beyond the middle, dotted 

 with black on the nerxures, and white dots instead of the subterminal line, the fore-wings with 

 a similar but narrower band before the middle, the central area intersected by a white line, 

 projecting in the middle, and marked with a white central lunule on the fore-wings ; hind-wings 

 entire. Expands about i inch. Inhabits some parts of Central Europe in May and June. 

 The larva is yellowish-brown, with three light lines on the back and a black line on the sides. 

 It feeds on bedstraw from July to September. 



62. L. Funcrata (Hiibn.). — Smaller than Tristata; wings snow-white, with greyish-black 

 markings, unmixed with brown or yellowish above; the white bands divided by a line 

 instead of by dots. Border never interrupted, the subterminal line regular, continuous, and 

 dentated on all the wings. Base tinged with ochreous below ; fringes pure white, chequered 

 with black, and the tip divided by an oblique dash, below which is a whitish spot. Inhabits 

 the French Alps and Northern and Western Asia in July. (I suspect that this species 

 is the same as Siibtristata, Haw., in which case it is British.) 



* 6^. L. Hastata (Linn.). — Wings black, with slightly interrupted white transverse lines, 

 and a white band beyond the middle, the middle of which touches an oblique square spot 

 formed by the irregular and macular subterminal line, and the black dots upon it are very 

 indistinct ; the base of the hind-wings is marked with only one white line. Expands from 

 i;^ to 1 1 inches. Inhabits Northern and Central Europe, and Northern Asia and America, 

 from May to July. The larva is brown, with a darker line on the back, and frequently with a 

 row of yellow horseshoe-shaped spots on the sides. It feeds on birch in August. The moth 

 is figured at PI. 48, Fig. 8. (Z,. Thulearia, Herr.-Schiiff , from Iceland, is of the size of 

 Hastata, but the pattern is nearly that of Subliastata ; the subterminal line is continuous, 

 and forms no square white spot in the middle, as in Hastata; the pale central area is much 

 narrower, waved, and intersected by a row of spots on the nervures, which are often connected. 

 The linear markings are much more regular, and all the white portion is replaced by smoky- 

 grey or violet. Head, palpi, and antennae blackish, unmixed with white. The larva is 

 uniform black, with the head and plate behind shining black, and the ends of the legs light 

 brown.) 



64. L. SubJiastata (Nick.). — Generally rather smaller than Hastata, the black spaces of the 

 wings with more distinct and connected white lines : that is, there is another white dentated 

 line in the marginal area close behind the band, and there are two white lines on the basal 

 half of the hind-wings, and also round white spots on the inside of the central area; the 

 pattern, however, is very variable. It occurs in the mountains of North Europe and Silesia 

 from Maj' to Jul)', and the lar\-a feeds on Vaccinium uligiuosuin. 



