Pyrales. 411 



and we have figured * Pyrausta Piirpiimlis, Linn. (PL 61, Fig. 5), and * EnuycJiia Nigrata, Scop. 

 (PI. 6r, Fig. 3), as familiar examples. Threnodes PoUinalis, figured at PI. 6i, Fig. 4, though 

 common in many parts of Central Europe, is not British. The species of Hcreyna, several 

 of which are common in the Alps, are small black or brown moths resembling the species 

 of Eniiyehia in size and appearance, but more dingy. 



*Odontia Dentalis, W. V., is a rather local insect in the south of England, though com- 

 moner on the Continent. It is remarkable for the zigzag markings on the fore-wings, from 

 which it derives its name, and is found among viper's bugloss, on which the larva feeds. The 

 moth and larva are represented at PI. 61, Fig. 2, a, b. 



The China-Marks are white, delicately-formed moths, more or less marked with brown and 

 yellow, which are always found near water, for their larvae feed on water-plants, and in some 

 instances are even provided with branchije. * Hydrocampa Nyinpliecata, Linn., is figured with its 

 larva at PI. 6r, Fig. r, a, b. 



The Small Magpie-Moth {* Botys Urticata, Linn.), figured with its larva at PI. 61, Fig. 6, a, b, 

 is abundant everywhere among nettles, in company with *B. Riiralis, Scop., the largest of the 

 British Pyrales, which expands nearly i| inches. The latter is a shining yellowish-white 

 insect, with brownish-grey markings, and is not unlike *79. Hyalinalis, Hiibn. (figured at PI. 61, 

 Fig. 8), in shape and general appearance, though larger and paler. The latter species, and 

 * B. Flavalis, W. V. (figured at PI. 61, Fig. 7), though locally common, are far less abundant 

 than B. Urtieata and Ruralis. 



The Chilonidce only include a few long-winged species, expanding from i inch to ij inches, 

 and generally of a greyish-ochreous or brownish colour, with the hind-wings paler-coloured 

 and considerably broader than the fore-wings. They are generally found among water-plants, 

 on which their larvae feed. 



The Crambidm, or Grass Moths, abound in meadows in summer. In walking through long 

 grass we cannot fail to disturb numbers of moths, sometimes with whitish fore-wings, and 

 sometimes with narrow brown or yellow fore-wings, more or less streaked with white, and 

 broad white or brown hind-wings. Their palpi, too, are very long, and project in front of the 

 head in a kind of beak. They fly a little way, and then disappear suddenly ; but on close 

 examination we shall find them sitting head downwards on a grass-stem, with their wings 

 folded round them in the smallest possible compass. * Crambiis Selasellus, Hiibn. (PI. 61, 

 Fig. 9), though not one of our commonest species, is a sufficiently typical representative of 

 the meadow-frequenting Crciiubi. But the species of Crambns are not exclusively confined to 

 grassy places; for one of the prettiest species of the genus, * Cr ambus Pinetelhis, Linn. (PI. 61, 

 Fig. 10), frequents pine-forests. 



The Phycidcs somewhat resemble the Crambidee in shape, having rather narrow fore-wings 

 and broad hind-wings. The antennae often have a tuft of hair near the base in the males ; 

 and the palpi are sometimes long and straight, as in the Cravibidcc, and are sometimes curved 

 upwards. Their bodies are generally long and slender. Some of the smaller species are not 

 unlike Tortrices or Tinea;. Some of their larvae feed on trees, while others feed on dried fruits, 

 with which new species are not unfrequently imported into this country. The smaller species 

 expand about three-quarters of an inch ; but the larger species expand i inch or more. Two 

 of the largest and handsomest species are figured on our Plate 61. These are * Pempelia 

 Seminibclla, Scop. (Fig. \\,a,b), and *MyclopIiila Cribrinn,\NN. (Fig. 12, a — c). The former is 

 not uncommon on the downs in the south of England ; and the latter is also most frequently 

 met with in the south. Both are common in Europe and in Northern and Western Asia ; and 



