TlNF.^. 413 



as a finger. The young larvae hatch in a week, when they gnaw into the shoot, and live in a 

 kind of gall formed by the exuding sap. They require two seasons to reach their full deve- 

 lopment. The species of the genus Cavpocapsa live in fruits and seeds, and the larvx of 

 * Carpocapsa Pomondla, Linn. (PL 62, Fig. 5, a, b), and *C. Fnncbrana, Treitschke, often commit 

 great ravages in our orchards. The larva of the first is not content with living in apples and 

 pears, but lives under the bark of the trees also, and that of the second lives in plums. 

 *GrapholitIia Citrana, Hiibn. (PL 62, Fig. 4), is widely distributed in Central Europe, but is not 

 generally common in England. It frequents dry heathy places. Two species of Tortrices of 

 very similar coloration i^ Xanthosetia Hainana, Linn., and *X. Zcegana, Linn.) are common 

 among thistles. 



TINEyE. 



The Tincce are a very large group of moths, to which no less than a third of our British 

 species belong. The great majority are, however, of small size, and very few even of the 

 largest expand as much as l inch. Their larvae differ much in habit ; some live between the 

 upper and under surface of leaves, forming blotches or galleries, which are conspicuously paler 

 than the rest of the leaf; others live on hair or feathers (as our common Clothes-Moths), 

 and others again on corn, rotten wood, or fungi ; one species even lives in ants' nests. Many 

 construct cases for themselves. The moths may generally be known by their long and narrow 

 wings, with very long fringes ; and their antennae are generally simple. They are divided into 

 a large number of families, a full list of which is given at p. xxvi. of the Litroduction. We will 

 proceed to notice a few of the most important. 



The Talceporidcz are small brown or grey moths, expanding about half an inch. They 

 appear in spring, and resemble Psychidce in their habits, for the female is apterous, and the 

 larva lives in a case. 



The Tineidce proper include our common Clothes-Moths, several species of which are 

 common in houses ; the best known are * T. Pdlionella, Linn., which is pale brown, with three 

 spots on the fore-wings, and *T. Tapctzclla, Linn, (figured at PI. 62, Fig. 6). Next to these, 

 the most destructive species is *T. Grandla, Linn., the larva of which feeds on corn in granaries. 

 Three other species of this family are figured. Euplocaiims Anthraciiialis, Scop. (PL 62, Fig. 7), 

 is a large and handsome species, which is common on the Continent in May and June, though 

 very rare, if found at all, in England ; the larva feeds on rotten wood, and fungi growing on 

 trees, in spring. * hicurvaria }\Iuscalella, Fabr. (PI. 62, Fig. 8), is common in woods in May and 

 June ; the larva may be found among dried leaves during the winter. * Nemophora Swammer- 

 danniicUa, Linn. (PI. 62, Fig. 9), belongs to a genus remarkable for the great length of its 

 antennae. The moths fly at dusk in May and June, and are not uncommon ; the larvae 

 mine in oak and beech leaves when young, and afterwards live on low plants in cases formed 

 of dry pieces of leaf. 



The family Adelida includes the genera Adela and Ncmotois, both of which have very 

 long antennae, and are of a brilliant green or coppery colour. They appear from May to July, 

 and fly by day. We have figured * Adela Degcerella, Linn. (PL 62, Fig. 10), the larva of which 

 feeds on wood anemone. The yellow band on the fore-wings, which enhances the beauty of 

 this species, is absent in some of its allies. 



The Hyponovicutida; include among other species the Small Ermine Moths, which belong to 

 the genus Hyponovieiita. They are all very similar, and the webs of the larva; of * H. Padclla, 



