﻿228 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



some parts of southern England. I have never known it to 

 oviposit on plants of this species in my butterfly-house, always 

 choosing A. sipho, and the larvae will only feed upon it when 

 hard up for food. 



I have treated this species at greater length than I intend to 

 do in the case of others, because of all the exotic Papilioninae 

 with which I am acquainted, it appears to have the best chance 

 of surviving in this country, providing, of course, that its food- 

 plant were grown in greater abundance. I may add, though it 

 is outside the scope of this article, that in 1911 the first of the 

 second -brood specimens were abnormally large, and creaked 

 their wings, when handled, after the manner of the Vanessids, 

 a phenomenon which I have never before remarked in this 

 species or any other of the Papilionids I have bred. 



(2) Heraclides cresphontes. — With this butterfly I have been 

 wholly unsuccessful. I have had no difficulty in obtaining pairings 

 of it in my butterfly-house. But I have never seen it oviposit, 

 nor have I ever discovered any of its ova or larvae. It is a 

 native of the Southern United States, but appears to have been 

 spreading northwards of late years, and has been met with in 

 Canada. It is highly distasteful to birds and rests with its 

 wings fully expanded, not closed as did the other Papilionids I 

 have observed, I suppose in order to display its warning 

 colours. 



(3) EupJwcades troilus. — This species is a native of the 

 Northern and Central United States. It has bred freely with 

 me both out-of-doors and in my butterfly-house. In the text- 

 books it is said to feed on lilac and magnolia, in addition to its 

 ordinary food-plants, Sassafras and Benzoni, but though I have 

 an abundance both of magnolia and lilac in my garden, I have 

 never found the larvae on anything but Lindera henzoni (Spice- 

 bush) — I have no Sassafras. The ovum is white in colour and 

 is laid usually on the under side of the leaf, only occasionally on 

 the upper side. During the greater part of its existence the 

 larva conceals itself by drawing together throughout their length 

 the edges of a leaf of its food-plant by means of a silken carpet 

 which it spins. Even when it is too small to do this, soon after 

 emergence from the ovum, it bites out a transverse section of 

 leaf and, using the same means, folds over a small portion, 

 making a flap inside which it lives. It only leaves these tents 

 in order to feed, returning when its meal is ended. When about 

 to pupate, the larva, which when full grown is a bright apple 

 green in colour, turns a clear orange brown, exactly resembling 

 in tone a newly withered leaf of Lindera henzoni. It generally 

 pupates on the lower twigs of the food-plant itself. A large 

 proportion of the pupae which I have received from America 

 contained the ichneumon Tragus exesorins. This species, though 

 usually single brooded with me, became entirely double brooded 



