﻿232 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



At 8.30 the road through the straggling township of Kailana- 

 Chakrata came to an end at a place called Morrow's Neck. 

 From this point the ascent continued by a good bridle-path, 

 first along a thickly-wooded slope, then for the best part of a 

 thousand feet over an open rocky moor-like slope, very steep in 

 some parts, but more amenable to butterfly collecting in others. 



Before coming to this, a " Small Copper," Chrysophanus 

 phlaasy had been added to the list, as well as one of the 

 Satyrines, S. schakra, which flattens itself out against the cliffs 

 like our allied species in England. 



Once out into the heat of the open hillside, a host of butter- 

 flies engaged my attention for the best part of two hours. 

 Fritillaries were abundant ; I think there was one other species 

 besides the common Queen of Spain, Argynnis lathonia {isscBci), 

 which, however, was the only one I caught. Vanessa cardui is 

 "distributed over the whole world," Bingham states, and sure 

 enough we found him on the slopes of Deoban in some quantity 

 and variety. I think I saw the very similar V. indica once ; 

 certainly both occur together at Kailana. " Tortoiseshells " 

 {V. cashmirensis or V. rizana) added to the home-like appearance 

 of the fauna, as did an occasional Gonepteryx rhamni, which, by 

 the way, ranges throughout the Himalayas under the above 

 familiar name, unadorned by subspecific distinction. Aporia 

 soracta still followed us into this open country, but in much 

 diminished numbers. In its place another familiar Pierine 

 helped to enliven the scene ; this was the orange-coloured Colias 

 eogene, Feld., very like our C. edusa. 



Two swift-flying Hesperids were noted in the shady wood, 

 and on the open slope we were able to catch a little Syrichthus- 

 like species, Hesperia galba, Fab., flying close to the ground. 

 Near it a species of Macroglossa, rather smaller than our 

 M. stellatarnm, was caught. 



Visions of an exclusively English fauna were dispelled by a 

 swift-flying Satyrine, in flight rather like Limenitis sibylla of 

 England or Papilio polytes of the tropics. He first appeared at 

 about 8000 ft, and then became quite common at 9000 ft. He 

 was an aggressive butterfly, bigger than everything else on the 

 wing, and apparently anxious to emphasize the fact by chasing 

 now a Pierine, now a Vanessa, or perhaps, with more idea of 

 right and wrong, one of his own kind. Bingham gives the 

 range of this genus, Aulocera, Butl., as the Himalayas, Tibet, 

 and Western China. Four rather similar species apparently 

 occur together in the Himalayas ; those I caught are referable 

 to A. padma, Koll. Near the summit, 9300 ft., a large butterfly 

 flew over, which I think must have been the leaf-like Kallima 

 inachus. Several were seen 4000 ft. below this two days before, 

 and I had seen two near Mussoorie at about 7000 ft., so perhaps 

 this record from 9000 ft. is not impossible. In Borneo, Kallima 



