﻿SOME NOTES ON THE PAPILIONIDS. 255 



brood oviposit on the dead stump of a birch tree, attracted 

 possibly by the fact that the corresponding brood in America 

 lays its eggs before the papaw is in leaf. Perhaps in their 

 choice of food-plant butterflies may sometimes be guided by 

 other senses than that of scent. In this connection I may 

 mention that while with this exception I have never known my 

 Papilios to oviposit on anything but a growing plant, shrub, or 

 tree, the moths I have bred in my butterfly-house have usually 

 laid their eggs haphazard on the gauze covering the roof and 

 sides, and this even when their food-plants have been present in 

 abundance. 



(8) P. Manor. — This fine and interesting butterfly is a 

 member of a somewhat ill-defined group of the Papilioninae, 

 of which Papilio paris is perhaps the most familiar species. It 

 inhabits the whole of Eastern Asia from Eastern Siberia and 

 Japan to Southern China. Judging from the great range of 

 variation shown both in size and in colouring by the specimens 

 I have bred, I should think it possible, from the descriptions 

 given by Leech and others, that some of the forms of this group 

 which have been given specific names may in reality be only 

 local or seasonal varieties of Papilio bianor. It is not seasonally 

 dimorphic, though individuals of the summer brood are in some 

 cases larger than any of the spring ones, and the glossy green 

 scales which powder the upper side of the wings are, in the 

 females, of a browner or more golden green than in the earlier 

 imagines. 



The ovum, which is spherical, is of a pale green when 

 first laid, darkening in colour before the emergence of the 

 larva, and, like the pupa, is relatively small considering the size 

 of the larva and imago. The larva in its first stadium is light 

 brown, with two prominences like horns one on each side below 

 the head. At its second instar it acquires the characteristic 

 saddle-markings of so many of the Papilionid larvae, which it 

 keeps until its last stadium, being during the middle part of its 

 existence usually of a dull oiive-green though sometimes olive- 

 brown, and with a glistening surface to its skin, which gives it a 

 slimy appearance like that of some bird-droppings. In its last 

 stadium, like most but not all of the Papilionid larvae with which 

 I am acquainted, it is without that characteristic saddle-marking. 

 Its skin has now lost the viscous look, and it is of a clear olive- 

 green, darker on the back than on the sides, and speckled with 

 small blue dots. It has transverse dark green stripes on the 

 sides of its middle segments, and has a white stripe on each side 

 extending from immediately above the first pair of prolegs to the 

 anal claspers. In addition to these markings it has on each side 

 of the swollen segments behind the head a large dark ocellated 

 spot, often rimmed with red, with a pale centre, which has the 

 appearance of an eye. While behind these a black slit across 



