﻿SOME NOTES ON THE PAPILIONIDS. 257 



is the abnormal diversity of time taken in feeding-up by different 

 larvae. For instance, Ihave to-day, on October 17tb, laggards 

 of the first brood which are not yet' fully grown, though the first 

 imagines of the second brood emerged on August 10th, and the 

 last ova of the parent butterflies were laid on or about June 27th. 



Of all the species with which I have experimented Papilio 

 Manor adapts itself most readily to the conditions of my butter- 

 fiy-house ; the imago, in spite of its powerful and dashing flight, 

 making itself quite at home there, and living in its semi- 

 captivity often for as long as five weeks. The larvse, too, I have 

 found to be less exposed to the attacks of insect or Arachnid 

 foes than those of any other non-pharmacophagous species 

 which I have bred. The newly-formed pupa, however, suffers 

 from the minute black fly which infests my butterfly-house, 

 though I have not found the pupse of bianor which I have 

 received from Japan to contain any of the larger Ichneumonidae 

 or Diptera. In the matter of food-plant this species seems, 

 with one notable exception, to be confined to various kinds of 

 Eutacese. In my butterfly-house Skimmia is undoubtedly the 

 favourite of these, the females seldom choosing any other plant 

 when this is available. It will, however, feed readily on Ptelea 

 trifoliata, less so on Aegle sepiaria {Citrus trifoliata). Out-of- 

 doors I have found the larvae on dittany {Dictaiimtis fraxinella), 

 but not, as I have often found those of xiithus, on Phellodendron 

 aviurense. In several instances during the past season, when 

 their supply of Skimmia had run short, I found the half- and 

 full-grown larvae making an occasional meal of Aristolochia 

 sipho without apparently any ill result to themselves. I have 

 never known other Papilionid larva, except those of the Aristo- 

 lochia-feeding species, able or willing to do this {cf. Tutt's * A 

 Natural History of British Butterflies,' vol. iii. part xviii. p. 40). 

 I may here mention one other fact of interest in connection with 

 this butterfly. In the summer of 1911, the first occasion on 

 which I was able to procure the pupae from Japan, only one 

 imago emerged, a slightly crippled female, which lived for almost 

 six weeks in my butterfly-house, and though unmated oviposited 

 freely on Skiinmia. As might have been expected, none of the 

 ova hatched out. In no other instance have I known an 

 unfertilized female of any of the Papilioninae to lay her eggs. 



I feel that I have described the appearance and habits of this 

 species in its earlier stages at great, perhaps inordinate, length. 

 I must plead in extenuation that I have not hitherto succeeded 

 in meeting with any full description of them in the text books. 

 Besides this there is, in my opinion, a greater likelihood of 

 Manor being able to establish itself in this country than any 

 other species of foreign Papilio I have bred, with the exception 

 of philenor. And it has the advantage even over philenor of a 

 less restricted food-plant; Dictamnus fraxinella and Skimmia 



