﻿SOMR NOTES ON THE PAPILIONIBS. 277 



fleshy filaments, the latter taking the place of the white 

 saddie-marking, which, unlike L. jJhilenor, it possesses in its 

 earlier stages. It is exceedingly short and thick-set, and looks 

 like a small porcupine with its quills erect rather than the ripe 

 mulberry to which Seitz compares it. The pupa, which is 

 fluted and curved like the scroll of a violin, is of a clear light 

 brown in colour, and both in size and shape resembles that of 

 Papilio hector. It reminds me, in miniature, of drawings I have 

 seen of the pupas of some of the Malayan Ornithoptera. The 

 imago, unlike that of L. philoior, seems to feed seldom on 

 flowers, but spends most of its time, particularly in the case of 

 the females, in fluttering in and out of the Aristolochia leaves, 

 or sunning itself upon them. It is, however, long-lived, and in 

 the fine early summer of 1914 individuals would haunt my 

 Aristolochia plants for weeks together. 



(10) Papilio xiithus. — I have found this butterfly, which is said 

 to be the commonest of all the Papilionids in Eastern Asia, 

 extremely easy to rear in my butterfly-house. It is, however, 

 seasonally dimorphic, and probably under natural conditions, 

 even in the South of England, would be almost entirely double- 

 brooded. In the summer and autumn of 1913 I managed to 

 get some sixty pupsB of the first brood to go over the winter 

 without emerging, by keeping them until late in November on 

 ice in a refrigerator. In 1914, when I neglected to take this 

 precaution, all my pupse disclosed imagines of the summer or 

 xathus type in August and September, and I lost my stock. I 

 may remark, in confirmation of the experiments of other 

 entomologists, that the delayed pupae of 1913, which would no 

 doubt have disclosed imagines of the normal summer kind had 

 their development not been arrested, gave rise only to individuals 

 of the xuxthidus or spring form in 1914, Some of those were 

 larger than is usual with xuxthidus. It was, however, only the 

 medium-sized and smaller summer pupae with which I was 

 successful. The largest pupse all either gave rise to imagines in 

 the autumn or died during the winter. 



Though the earlier stages of this species have long been 

 familiar to entomologists and I need not describe them in length, 

 a few remarks on its life-habits may not be superfluous. In 

 food-habit, as far as I have been able to observe, it is confined 

 to the Rutacese. In my butterfly-house Aegle sepiaria {Citrus 

 trifoliata) , for which I should say the imago shows a slight 

 preference, and Skimmia were the plants chosen, and out-of- 

 doors I have found the larva on Skimmia, Dictamnus, Phelloden- 

 dron, and Aegle. I also fed up some of the larvic in a cool 

 greenhouse on shaddock, Citrus decumana, but the resulting 

 pupa3 and imagines were decidedly smaller than those reared 

 upon other plants mentioned, and the larvce fed up slowly as if 

 the food was not altogether to their liking. 



