﻿278 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The ovum is laid singly, sometimes on the upper side, but 

 more frequently on the under side of a leaf of the new growth, 

 the topmost side-shoots of Aegle and Skimmia being often 

 chosen for this purpose. The larva feeds fully exposed in the sun- 

 light, and is remarkably difficult to detect when full-grown. Its 

 general protective scheme of leaf green, with lateral stripes of 

 lilac-grey edged with white to imitate the effect of sunlight falling 

 on leaves, is strikingly like that of our own S})hi7ix Ugustri. In 

 most instances it pupates either on the food-plant itself or at 

 a short distance from it. The pupse of the green variety I have 

 often found in most exposed positions on the topmost shoots, 

 and so difficult are they to tell from their surroundings, that I 

 have sometimes looked at them for days without fiinding them, 

 discovery at length resulting from the darkening in colour prior 

 to the emergence of the imago, or even only when the empty 

 brown shell had been abandoned. Of course I am speaking of 

 the pup£e of the first brood, which would normallj^give rise to 

 xuthus. I have never yet seen those of the second under 

 natural conditions. In conclusion, I may remark that I do not 

 think it at all likely that xuthus would ever be able to establish 

 itself in the British Isles, though, like so many other of the 

 species with which I have dealt in these notes, it could probably 

 be easily introduced into Southern Europe in localities where a 

 sufficiency of plants of the Eue family, with the possible excep- 

 tion of the Aurantiaceae, to which it does not seem addicted, 

 were grown. 



(11) Pajjilio hippocratis — This butterfly is a native of Japan. 

 It closely resembles our own P. macJiaon particularly in its early 

 stages, and has been treated by the text-books as a variety of 

 that species. While, however, I feel that I am not competent to 

 express any decided opinion on the subject, I should venture to 

 doubt whether the differences between them are merely those of 

 a varietal nature. 



I have always found machaon, var. hrittanicus, to interbreed 

 freely enough with any of the Continental races of the species. 

 But though I have had the imagines of hippocratkles, the 

 spring brood of hippocrates, out in my butterfly-house at the 

 same time as those of machaon, both in 1912 and in 1914, on 

 neither occasion did I notice any pairings between them. In 

 the former season I had been able to procure very few pupaB of 

 hippocratides from Japan, and the imagines which emerged 

 were all males. I did not see any of these i?i copula with 

 machaon, of which both sexes were present in abundance. 

 Neither did any trace of hippocrates reveal itself in the machaon 

 which I bred that season. I must, however, point out that owing 

 to the abnormal cold and wet of the late summer of 1912, I 

 succeeded in rearing very few machaon. In 1914 I was able to 

 procure a fairly large number of hippocratides pupae, and at one 



