﻿SOME NOTES ON THE PAPILIONIDS. 279 



time during that season I must have had at least forty of the 

 imagines of both sexes out in my butterfly-house with about 

 double that quantity of machaon. I did not notice any cross- 

 pairing, each confining itself to its own kind in so far as I was 

 able to observe. It is only fair to remark here that a large 

 proportion of the pairing which takes place in my butterfly-house 

 are not witnessed by me, partly because they often occur low 

 down amongst the herbage or in similar places where the insects 

 are difficult to detect, partly because I myself am frequently 

 away. Perhaps a comparative examination of the genitalia of 

 hippocratidcs and luppocmtes, with those of the spring and partial 

 summer broods of machaon, would throw light on the matter. 



In any case, hippocratcs would, I fear, be totally unsuited for 

 introduction into this country, for it is seasonably dimorphic, 

 and even in the not particularly warm summer of 1914, proved 

 to be entirely double-brooded. I have seen it stated that it is 

 only in the third brood of hippocrates that the largest specimens 

 of the dark female variety occur. Naturally enough, I was 

 unable to test this for myself in our northern latitudes, but two 

 of my female hippocrates which were among the first to emerge 

 at the end of July measured more than five inches across the 

 wings. With the larva of hippocratides I am not acquainted. 

 The pupa differs both in shape and in colour from that of our 

 English machaon, but not more so than many pupae which I 

 have received from the Continent. The larva of hippocrates is 

 indistinguishable from that of machaon except in respect of size. 

 The pupa of hippocrates, though of course much larger than 

 any machaon I have ever seen, seemed to be identical with that 

 of machaon var. brittanicus in shape. The few specimens I 

 found of the brown variety of the pupa resembled those of our 

 English variety far more than did the hippocratides both in 

 colour and in markings; while the far more numerous indi- 

 viduals of the green variety appeared to be similar in both 

 respects to those of the small partial second brood of machaon. 

 I have always found those, which are also usually of the green 

 variety, to differ in a marked degree in colour and slightly also 

 in shape from the pupae which hibernate. Both the green and 

 buff are more vivid, and the projections on the dorsal parts of 

 the abdominal segments slightly more raised. 



(12) Iphiclides podalirius. — In regard to this Papilionid I have 

 little to say. On several occasions I have had the imagines out 

 in my butterfly-house ; but they clung obstinately to the sides 

 of their prison and refused to fly, feed, pair, or indulge in any 

 other of the normal processes of butterfly life. In consequence, 

 after a few days I have always given them their liberty, and 

 have had the pleasure of seeing them float away in apparent 

 enjoyment of the upper air. 



Though, as I have said before, my experiments in hybridiza- 



