LIFE-HISTORY OF ARGYNNIS LAODICE. 58 
accurately portray the structure or markings of this larva; he 
represents the spines as straight-edged, and the bristles much too 
small, and the colouring of the spines of the sixth segment, 
which he figures as being wholly pink, are in all the larve in my 
possession as I have described. He neither shows the second 
dorsal slightly oblique mark, nor the subdorsal markings forming 
a band. In his figure of the larva there is wanting much detail 
of markings ; the first and last spines are much too short, and 
represented as being quite straight, which should be longest and 
curved on the anterior segment, and they are all too dull in 
colour. 
On June 22nd the first larva attached itself by its hind 
claspers to a pad of silk spun on the gauze cover, and pupated 
on the 24th. Just after pupation it is mostly of a brownish- 
pink colour, which gradually deepens into a shining bronze-black, 
with a few ochreous-brown speckles appearing on the abdomen. 
The metallic spots of the mature pupa are at first exactly similar 
to mother-of-pearl. 
The pupa averages in length 42 in.; it so closely resembles 
A. paplia in structure and markings that they are almost in- 
distinguishable, and as regards colouring A. laodice and the 
dark forms of A. paphia are exactly alike. The only slight diffe- 
rence between the two species is that in paphia the subdorsal 
angular projections on the third abdominal segment are rather 
larger than those of laodice, and when viewed dorsally paphia is 
rather wider across the base of the wings. 
A. laodice pupa, dorsal view: Head with two pointed lateral 
horns, a similar but smaller angular point at base of wings ; con- 
tinued along the base is a convex ridge, then concave across the 
middle, and bulging at hind margin; abdomen attenuated to 
anal extremity. Side view: Head beaked, thorax keeled and 
angular, sunken at base of abdomen and metathorax ; abdomen 
curving to anal segment, which terminates in a truncated pro- 
jection bearing the cremastral hooks ; ventral surface of abdomen 
contracted ; wings bulging near apex; antenne serrated; leg- 
joints prominent. 
Colouring: Ground colour pale buff-brown, inclining to pinkish 
over the head and thorax; there are two subdorsal rows of 
sharply pointed conical projections commencing on the prothorax ; 
the first five pairs are of a beautiful metallic silver-gilt ; these are 
placed on the three thoracic segments and the first two abdominal 
segments ; the remaining pairs are without metallic lustre, being 
shining variegated brown; those on the third segment are 
largest, and those on the ninth are very minute; on the fifth, 
sixth, and seventh segments are very small medio-dorsal points. 
The whole surface is very finely reticulated with dark brown, 
forming a delicate fibrous pattern ; across the wing are two wavy 
brown bands, exactly similar to paphia; the dark spiracles are 
