78 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
we can gather from the illustrations of the complex structures of ova, 
larvee, pup, and imagines thus revealed, precisely how these results 
have been attained. We are also able to follow the author’s chain of 
reasoning as it leads up to the establishment of species based upon 
sound scientific differentiation, discarding mere superficial marking of 
the wings and the external similitude of one particular stage of 
development, and drawing final conclusions from a review made of the 
whole life-history of each individual, now presented in complete 
sequence for the first time. The discovery of separation of species by 
the character of their appendages knocked on the head some old- 
established theories as to what constituted a species in Lepidoptera. 
Mr. Tutt goes further, and in the process of assigning these one or 
two species their proper place in the scheme of butterfly classification 
carries his anatomical investigations far beyond anything of the kind 
already attempted. We feel quite sure, therefore, that whatever 
affinities exist, and whatever further light may be thrown on this 
difficult subject, no conscientious systematist will ever again return to 
the easy methods complacently accepted by British and Continental 
authors. Mr. Tutt, we are certain, would be the first to acknowledge 
how large a share of the credit for this is due to those who have 
exerted themselves for him, and under his instructions. Yet we 
would remind our readers that it is only by cordial co-operation 
among British lepidopterists, whether engaged with biological pro- 
blems or with the pleasures of field natural history, that this classic 
series can ever be completed. We have, indeed, comparatively few 
British butterflies, but those we have offer a wide field for research, 
still in many cases wholly unexplored. Those who are endeavouring 
to do this pioneer work ought to be encouraged, and we trust that 
the public libraries, and Natural History Societies throughout the 
United Kingdom will come forward to support an enterprise which 
should not be left to private subscription only. 3 
H. R.-B. 
Catalogue Systématique et Biologique des Hyménoptéres de France. 
Par JULES DE GAULLE, Membre de la Société Entomologique 
de France. Pp. 171. With Introduction and Index of Genera, 
Plant-names, and Host-names. Paris: Paul Klincksieck, 3, 
Rue Corneille. 1908. [Extrait de la ‘Feuille des Jeunes 
Naturalistes,’ 1906-8. ] 
As the author of the present work very truly says, it certainly is 
of very considerable use to supplant the hymenopterous ‘ Catalogue’ 
published by Dours in 1874 by a fresh one, bringing up to date in a 
concise form all that has been done in France upon the Hymenoptera 
during the past quarter ofa century. And, indeed, when we compare 
the two, we get as good a conspectus as is anywhere obtainable of 
what the last twenty-five years has produced. Our friend M. de 
Gaulle pretends to no novel classification, but freely avows that he 
follows Dalla Torre, except where the latter has been elaborated by 
the subsequent works of André, Berthoumieu, Rev. T. A. Marshall, 
Du Buysson, the late Pastor Konow, and, unfortunately, of Kieffer. 
Perhaps it had been better in a few instances, such as the specific 
