TORTRICES NEAR LIVERPOOL. 139 
found, and from this it is reasonable to assume that, in nature, 
the cocoons are spun amongst, and coated with, the coarse sand 
that surrounds the food-plant. This is Huphorbia paralias in 
South Devon, to which district my acquaintance with the insect 
is limited, and also in Hayling Island, as we learn from Wilkin- 
son (l.c.), but in the Isle of Portland EH. portlandica has been 
proven to be the chosen plant. 
The examination of a large number of bred imagines shows 
that the females average somewhat smaller, and rather paler, 
than the males. My largest examples of the former expand 
16 mm., while those of the latter measure 14 mm., and in 
smaller specimens there is about the same proportional differ- 
ence in size between the sexes. The smallest individual known 
to me is one of my bred Devonshire males that has an expanse 
of only just 10 mm. From the numerous observations that I 
made with regard to the hour of emergence, one learns that 
seventy-two per cent. of the moths left the pupa between 
6.30 a.m. and 1 p.m., the rest showing no special predilection for 
any one period of either day or night over another. 
Norden, Corfe Castle: April 10th, 1909. 
TORTRICES NEAR LIVERPOOL IN _ 1907-8. 
By W. Manssripes, F.E.S. 
Azout twenty species of the Tortricina, not met with in our 
localities by myself previously, have been captured or bred in 
the last two years. 
Tortric crategana from Knowsley and Simonswood; the 
former being a yellow form. I also saw this moth in some 
numbers at Delamere Forest, but it was worn at the end of July 
when it was found. ‘’. unifasciana is generally darker from the 
mosses than from Wallasey. An addition to the local lists is 
T. cinnamomeana. This moth was quite common in 1907 on 
Kirkby Moss, and last year a single specimen was netted in 
Delamere Forest. T’. corylana seems generally distributed, but 
only odd specimens have fallen to my share at St. Helens, 
Simonswood, and Delamere Forest. I met with 7. viburnana in 
some numbers at Whitegate Heath, males only, the first week in 
July. TT. forsterana.—This is another moth that seems to be 
darker at Simonswood than at Wallasey or near Leeds. The 
beautiful and very common little moth Peronea variegana is 
everywhere found on the whitethorn hedges. ‘The South Lan- 
cashire forms seem to be confined to vars. borana, cirrana, asper- 
ana and type, with var. albana rarely; some of the cirrana forms 
are a very lovely dark blackish purple. I have not taken the 
extreme form at Wallasey. In April, 1907, I found a pair of 
